Commentary
And when He taught them what they should do in prayer during times of fear, He followed that with what they should do afterwards. This is so that it would not be thought that it suffices merely to remember Allah. He said - indicating His follow-up with it -: "So when you have completed the prayer"; meaning: when you have finished performing it and have fulfilled it in a state of fear, or otherwise; "then remember Allah"; meaning: without prayer; because He, in His encompassing knowledge of all things, deserves to be observed and not forgotten; "standing, sitting, and on your sides"; meaning: in every state; for indeed, His remembrance is your fortress in every situation, from every apparent or hidden enemy.
And when remembrance is the greatest protector for the servant, and a guard against the devils of mankind and jinn, and a source of tranquility for the hearts; "Indeed, by the remembrance of Allah do hearts find tranquility" [Ar-Ra'd: 28]; He indicated this by commanding prayer during tranquility; as a reminder of its great status, and to clarify that it is the strongest bond of the religion, and the most solid foundation of it, and the best means of illuminating the hearts and refining the souls; because it encompasses the essentials of remembrance; "Indeed, prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing, and the remembrance of Allah is greater" [Al-Ankabut: 45]; He said: "So when you have attained tranquility"; meaning: from what you were in of fear; "then establish the prayer"; meaning: perform it while standing with all its pillars, in the state that you were performing it before the fear; then He justified the command regarding it in safety and fear, in abundance and scarcity, in travel or residence, by saying: "Indeed, prayer"; making evident what was originally implied, as a reminder of its great status, by what the servant has in it of connection with his Lord; "was prescribed for the believers at fixed times"; meaning: it is - while being an obligation - a gathering for Allah that no other can compare to; "at fixed times"; meaning: it is - while being limited - regulated by well-known times; and it is not permissible to perform it outside of these times, whether in safety or in fear of missing it - as indicated by the root of "waqta"; for the bodies by what it brings of sustenance; and for the hearts by what it brings of knowledge and lights.
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