And when the one who established a matter in what the listener perceives as apparent; as it is fitting for some of those who adhere to the apparent to deny the specification of the wise by it; this denial was caused by his saying: "Is he who Allah has expanded his breast for Islam?"; meaning: the one who has complete ability and comprehensive knowledge; "his breast for Islam"; meaning: for submission to the evidence; so his heart was soft; and he submitted to faith; thus he was guided to the inner meaning of this evidence; "so he is"; meaning: it results from his apparent and inner Islam for the caller; that he was "upon light"; meaning: a great clarity with a Book; by which he takes; and by which he gives; and to it in every matter he ends; he has ascended upon it; so he is as if he is its rider; directing it wherever he wishes; and he increased in the great clarity of his guidance by referring the saying to the manifestation of benevolence; so he said: "from his Lord"; meaning: the one who is benevolent to him in his submission; so glad tidings for him; for he is upon a straight path; like one whose breast has been constricted and tight; so his heart was hard; thus he was in darkness, groping; so woe to him - this was the original - but it was said: "So woe to those whose hearts are hardened"; meaning: for the tightness of their breasts; and he increased in clarifying what afflicted them with great hardness; by referring the saying to the name that indicates all of the beautiful names; and the highest attributes; so he said: "from the remembrance of Allah"; for indeed, whoever's hardness begins from that which hearts find tranquility in; and skins soften to; from the praise of the one who encompasses the attributes of perfection; he is harder than stone.

And when the one who is marked by this disgrace is the most at a loss among people in their transaction; his description produces His saying (glorified and exalted is He): ﴿Those﴾; meaning: the distant and the detested; ﴿in clear error﴾; meaning: clear in itself; his matter is clarified for everyone; the verse is from the interplay: it first mentioned the explanation and the light; as evidence for the omission of its opposite secondly; and secondly, woe to the obstinate; and the misguidance; as evidence for the omission of its opposite first; Al-Bayhaqi narrated in the branches; and Al-Baghawi; through the route of Al-Thalabi; and Al-Hakim Al-Tirmidhi; from another source; from Ibn Mas'ud - may Allah be pleased with him - "That the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) recited this verse; and we said: O Messenger of Allah; how is the expansion of their chests? He said: 'When light enters the heart, it expands and opens up.' We said: O Messenger of Allah; what is the sign of that? He said: 'Turning back to the abode of eternity; and distancing oneself from the abode of deception; and preparing for death before the descent of death.'" And the master Abu Al-Qasim Al-Qushayri said: And the light that comes from Him - glorified is He - is the light of the manifestations; with the stars of knowledge; then the light of the gleaming; with the clarity of understanding; then the light of the lecture; with the additions of certainty; then the light of unveiling; with the manifestation of the attributes; then the light of witnessing with the appearance of the essence; then the lights of the Self-Sufficient; with the realities of monotheism; at that point, there is no existence; nor intention; nor closeness; nor distance; no, rather He is Allah, the One, the Subduer; and that is as it is said: The believer, by the strength of his mind, necessitates his independence by his knowledge; until it becomes apparent; and from it is the perfection of his establishment of the illumination of his insight; then when a manifestation appears to him from the authority of knowledge, those lights become illuminating; and when the lights of monotheism appear, they consume that whole; so when the dawn becomes clear, its light encompasses those stars.