'O David'; and when the content of the news is to increase greatness; which is such that the souls of humans may find it hard to accept; this is confirmed by him; and to show that it is something desirable due to its beauty; and the pleasant effect it has; and it energizes to mention it; he said: 'Indeed'; meaning: regarding what we have of greatness; 'We have made you'; so do not consider any of its causes as a consideration; nor fear for it a consequence; 'a vicegerent'; meaning: on our behalf; you implement our commands among our servants; so your judgment is our judgment; and he omitted what is known to be intended; such as 'We said'; indicating that he was addressed with this sweetest speech after he had finished from prostration; informing him of the truth of his assumption; and he said: 'in the earth'; meaning: all of it; indicating the broadness of his command in all of it; so there is no blame upon him for what he did in any land he desired; and he did not mention the successor to glorify him by indicating that everything that reason permits in it is likewise; for he was indeed a vicegerent in the Sacred House by action; according to what the clear speech necessitated by the expression 'in'; and the indication of the broadness and the expression 'the' indicates that it is the complete earth; due to the spread of truth from it through Ibrahim - peace be upon him - and his descendants; over all the earth; and he is a vicegerent in all the earth by strength; meaning that whatever he judges in it is correct; and this is because the Prophet - blessings and peace be upon him - was sent to his people specifically; so what he conveyed to them was obligatory upon him; as for the rest of the people, his command with them is from the perspective of enjoining good; and forbidding evil; whatever he does of that is correct; and he proceeded; then he was a vicegerent in all the earth truly by action; with his son Sulayman - peace be upon him - thus fulfilling the broadness; and 'the' completing what is most intended from it; informing that the words of the All-Powerful are all likewise; even if it does not appear in the current situation; and this is just as the one to whom this mention was revealed; and because of him; Muhammad - blessings and peace be upon him - was a vicegerent in action in the land of the Arabs; which is the whole earth; because the earth was spread from it; and its house is the first house placed for the people; and it is a standing for them; and from it the standing with light and justice spread over all the earth; and in all the earth by strength; meaning that whatever he judges in it is valid; for he granted Tamim al-Dari - may Allah be pleased with him - the land of the town of the friend; from the lands of Sham; before it was opened; and it was valid; and executed; and he granted Shuwayl - may Allah be pleased with him - the daughter of Bukaylah from the people of al-Hirah; and that was valid; and executed; and each of them took at the opening what he was given by the Prophet - blessings and peace be upon him; then he would be a vicegerent in all the earth by action; with the vicegerent whom Allah supported him with in his religion; Isa - peace be upon him - who is from the descendants of Dawud - peace be upon him -; then in all existence on the Day of Resurrection; on the Day of the Great Intercession; on the Day when all the prophets will be under his banner; and the first and the last will envy him for that praiseworthy station. And when the blessing was completed; it caused his saying: 'So judge between the people'; meaning: those who refer to you from any people they may be; 'with truth'; meaning: the established matter; which corresponds to reality; and when the most formidable enemy of man is his own self which is between his sides; due to what it has of desires; and the greatest of his crimes; and the most disgraceful of his sins is what he is affected by without relying on the command of Allah; he said - indicating by the form of causation that he - glorified and exalted is He - forgives the fleeting thoughts; and what the human hastened to return from and be free of; repentance to Allah (the Exalted) -: 'And do not follow desire'; meaning: what leads the possessor of it; so it causes him to fall from the peak of pleasure to the depths of Satan; then it caused his saying: 'So it misleads you'; meaning: that following; or desire; because when the soul strikes upon that it becomes a habit for it; and it overcomes its possessor from turning away from it; and he turned the saying from the manifestation of greatness to the greatest name; encompassing all the beautiful names; and the supreme attributes; glorifying the matter of His path; and urging adherence to it; and the honor of its presence; he said: 'from the path of Allah'; meaning: His way which He legislated for reaching Him; with what He revealed from the transmission supported by the evidence of what He created from reason; and it cannot be reached without it; because following it necessitates being engrossed in bodily pleasures; and neglecting the completion of the spiritual powers; which lead to eternal happiness; for the calls of the body and the spirit are contradictory; so as one increases, the other decreases. And when the soul is inclined to desire; and sways away from anything else; he said - justifying the prohibition; confirming what the soul has of justifications; when opposing it with generosity; and forgiveness; which drives away punishment -: 'Indeed, those who go astray'; meaning: create misguidance by neglecting piety; which necessitates following desire; which requires that its follower be misguided; 'from the path of Allah'; he repeated it to emphasize its matter; and to be blessed by mentioning it; and to indicate that His path is commanded absolutely; without restriction to Dawud - peace be upon him - or anyone else in it; 'for them is a severe punishment'; meaning: because of their misguidance.

And when He commanded - glorified and exalted is He - and forbade; and mentioned that the reason for the prohibition is the dislike of misguidance; it was understood from Him that the cause of misguidance is desire. He mentioned the reason for this cause; and said - expressing it with forgetfulness; indicating that it is due to its strong appearance, as it was preserved and then forgotten; and He clarified the source because it is more explicit; for if He had expressed it with the source, it would have been possible to attribute it to the object; and 'ma' was chosen over 'an' because its form resembles that of the nominal relative; and it is more eloquent than what is a particle, in form and meaning -: 'by what they forgot the Day of Reckoning'; meaning: they treated it as something forgotten; some of them with denial; and some of them with wicked deeds; for if they had truly remembered it, they would not have followed the desire that necessitates misguidance; while it is something that is not unknown to anyone who has the slightest grasp of reason; for it does not occur to the mind of a rational person at all that the least of people; and the most ignorant of them; would send someone to his farm to work it; then not hold him accountable for it; so how if he were wise?! So how if he were a king?! So how if he is the King of kings?! And Al-Ghazali said, in the last part of the Book of Knowledge; from the Revival; in the discussion about reason: Then when faith is ingrained in the souls by nature; people divided into those who turned away and forgot; and they are the disbelievers; and those whose thoughts wandered and remembered; and he was like one who was given a testimony and forgot it due to negligence; then he remembered it; and for this reason Allah, the Most High, said: 'Perhaps they will remember' [Qaf: 29] 'and let those of understanding remember' [Al-Ma'idah: 7] 'and We have certainly made the Qur'an easy to remember, so is there any who will remember?' [Al-Qamar: 17]; and naming this type 'remembrance' is not far off; and it seems that remembrance has two types: one is to remember a form that was present in his heart; but then it disappeared after being present; and the other is to be about a form that was inherently included in him by nature; and these are clear truths for one who sees with the light of insight; heavy on one who resorts to hearing; and imitation; without unveiling and witnessing; it has ended; and it has been understood from this story; and what preceded it that the meaning is: be patient with what they say now; we will certainly support you in what comes from time; and we will certainly aid you as we aided David, the one of great stature.