Tafsir for verse: 38:22
إِذۡ دَخَلُواْ عَلَىٰ دَاوُۥدَ فَفَزِعَ مِنۡهُمۡۖ قَالُواْ لَا تَخَفۡۖ خَصۡمَانِ بَغَىٰ بَعۡضُنَا عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ فَٱحۡكُم بَيۡنَنَا بِٱلۡحَقِّ وَلَا تُشۡطِطۡ وَٱهۡدِنَآ إِلَىٰ سَوَآءِ ٱلصِّرَٰطِ ٢٢ ﴿22
22When they entered upon Dawūd, and he was scared of them, they said, “Be not scared. We are two litigants; one of us has wronged the other, so decide between us with truth, and do not cross the limits, and guide us to the right path.
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Commentary

So he pointed out that by replacing "when" with "when they entered"; and he specified its name; to remove ambiguity; and to indicate what he has of a close status; and great affection; he said: "upon Dawud"; a trial from Us for him; along with what he has of vast kingship; and great closeness to Us; and he clarified that this was in a manner that is terrifying; either because he is in a position that no one can attain; or otherwise; by his saying: "so they were frightened"; meaning: they were terrified; and afraid of them; meaning: along with what he is in of vast kingship; and courage of heart; and knowledge of wisdom; and might of authority.

And when it was as if it was said: So what did they say to him? They said: "Do not fear"; and when this necessitated the departure of thought regarding their affair in every direction; they specified their matter by saying: "two disputants"; meaning: we are two teams in a dispute; then they clarified that by saying: "some of us has wronged others"; meaning: sought a request for superiority and extension; "against one another"; so he was vague at first; to detail it later; so that it would be more impactful in the soul; and when this caused his question regarding the ruling; they said: "so judge between us with truth"; meaning: the established matter; which corresponds to reality; and they only asked him that with the knowledge that he does not judge except with justice; so that he would be more deserving of reproach at the slightest slip; "and do not transgress"; meaning: do not cause distance; and exceed the limit; neither in the expression of that; where the intended meaning becomes ambiguous to us; nor in anything else; or: nor be excessive in pursuing the details of matters; for I am satisfied with the truth in the slightest ways; and for this reason, he brought it from the quadrilateral; and the trilateral; with its meaning; Abu Ubaid said: "He transgressed in judgment"; and "he was excessive"; if he was unjust; and for this reason, the merging was also an indication that the prohibition is only against clear transgression; and when the truth has for him the highest; and lowest; and middle; they sought the definition of the middle; so they said: "and guide us"; meaning: direct us; "to the middle of the path"; meaning: the clear way; so that there is no inclination towards either side; excess in pursuing the details of the matter; and negligence in neglecting that.

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