Tafsir for verse: 35:45
وَلَوۡ يُؤَاخِذُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلنَّاسَ بِمَا كَسَبُواْ مَا تَرَكَ عَلَىٰ ظَهۡرِهَا مِن دَآبَّةٖ وَلَٰكِن يُؤَخِّرُهُمۡ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗىۖ فَإِذَا جَآءَ أَجَلُهُمۡ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِعِبَادِهِۦ بَصِيرَۢا ٤٥ ﴿45
45If Allah were to take mankind to task for what they did, He would have not left a living creature on its back, but He delays them upto an appointed time. So when their time will come, then Allah is the One who will see His slaves.
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Commentary

And when they were hastening with the threat; in mockery; they would say: 'What is it that he does not destroy us?' It was known that the decree was: 'If Allah were to deal with you as the one who takes to account, He would hasten your destruction.' So He followed it with His saying - to manifest the ruling along with the knowledge -: ﴿And if Allah were to take the people﴾; meaning: by what He has of the attributes of exaltation; ﴿to account﴾; meaning: whoever is in it is in a state of movement and disturbance; from the accountable ones in general.

And when the context here is for the actions of the limbs; for indeed, the effects of deceit and arrogance are what are disliked; not the attribution of them; unlike that which is the context of 'the bee'; for it is prohibited from attribution; even if no effect appears from the actions of the limbs; He expressed here with earning; and He clarified the source to specify what is found of it in action; so He said: ﴿By what they earned﴾; meaning: from all their deeds; whether it was forbidden or not; ﴿What He left upon its surface﴾; meaning: the earth; ﴿of a creature﴾; meaning: rather, He would destroy all; as for the accountable ones, it is because there is nothing in their deeds that He can truly account for - glorified is He - due to what they have of deficiency; and due to what He has - glorified is He - of exaltation; and elevation; and perfection; as for others, they were created for them; and sins remove blessings; and bring about punishments; and that is as He did in the time of Noah - blessings and peace be upon him -; no one was saved from those who were on the earth except for those who were in the ship; ﴿But﴾; He did not deal with them as the one who takes to account in discussion; rather, He is forbearing towards them; so He ﴿delays them﴾; meaning: in the worldly life; then in the Barzakh; ﴿to a specified term﴾; meaning: He named it in the past; for the expiration of their lifetimes; then for their resurrection from their graves; and His saying is not changed with Him; due to what He has of attributes that are the strangest of the strange to you; for you do not truly perceive them; ﴿So when their term comes﴾; meaning: the term of annihilation; He takes each one of them at their term; or the positive term of preservation; He resurrects each one of them; and He rewards them for their deeds without any doubt; and without any inability.

And when they were denying what this implies about resurrection; He affirmed; and said: ﴿Indeed, Allah﴾; meaning: the One who has the attributes of perfection; the Creator with complete power; and the perfection of choice; ﴿was﴾; and has always been; and when the context was for acquisition; which is broader than injustice; He said: ﴿with His servants﴾; those whom He created; and there is no partner for Him in creating any of them; with all of their essences; and states; ﴿All-Seer﴾; meaning: possessing profound sight; and knowledge; of who among them deserves punishment by their actions; and who deserves reward; thus the latter applies; as you see; to the former; by gathering the attributes of perfection and complete power over everything in creation; and non-existence; for living beings; and inanimate objects; whatever He wills; by choice; for what has been observed for Him - glorified and exalted is He - from the effects; as guidance has occurred towards it by the command to travel; and otherwise; and by what concluded the chapter regarding the attribute of knowledge; in a manner more eloquent than mentioning it by its wording; for what has passed in the chapter of "Ta-Ha"; that the encompassing of knowledge necessitates the comprehensiveness of power; and power cannot be comprehensive unless it is by choice; thus it is established at that time His deserving (exalted is He) of all praises; and from Him - glorified is He - came the tremendous messages that encompass honor; and wisdom; with the angels who are free from desires; and all gain; to whom corresponded from among humans; by what prevailed from the army of his intellect over the armies of his desires and self; until it became a pure abstract intellect; ruling over desires and gains; overpowering; sufficient.

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