Tafsir for verse: 35:13
يُولِجُ ٱلَّيۡلَ فِي ٱلنَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ ٱلنَّهَارَ فِي ٱلَّيۡلِ وَسَخَّرَ ٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَۖ كُلّٞ يَجۡرِي لِأَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗىۚ ذَٰلِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ رَبُّكُمۡ لَهُ ٱلۡمُلۡكُۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ تَدۡعُونَ مِن دُونِهِۦ مَا يَمۡلِكُونَ مِن قِطۡمِيرٍ ١٣ ﴿13
13He makes the night enter into the day and makes the day enter into the night, and He has subjugated the sun and the moon; each one of them is running towards an appointed time. That is Allah, your Lord. To Him belongs the kingdom. And those whom you invoke beside Him do not own even the membrane on a date-stone.
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Commentary

And when He mentioned - glorified and exalted is He - the difference of the essences; which indicates the wondrousness of His creation; He followed it with the changing of the meanings; as a sign of His profound power; He said - in the context of the subject of "He created you"; indicating that Allah (the Exalted) formed Adam when He created the earth; before there was night; or day; then He breathed into him the spirit at the end of the day of Friday; after He created the light on the day of Wednesday; and there did not come upon man a period of time - which is the measure of the movement of the celestial bodies - except that it is something mentioned -: ﴿He brings in﴾; meaning: He enters; in a manner of circulation; ﴿the night into the day﴾; so darkness becomes light.

And when this action is of the utmost admiration; and due to its frequent repetition it has become familiar; it was overlooked what it indicates of the completeness of power; He alerted to it by repeating the action; so He said: ﴿And He brings the day into the night﴾; so what was light becomes darkness; and sometimes the transition occurs with the shortness of this; and the length of that; so all of that indicates that He (the Exalted) acts by choice.

And when He mentioned the two luminaries; He mentioned what arises from them; so He said: ﴿And He has subjected the sun and the moon﴾; then He began His saying: ﴿Each﴾; meaning: from them; ﴿is running﴾; and when the purpose of the surah is the completeness of power; and the context here is to constrain the opposites to what increases; and for that reason He concluded the verse with sovereignty; looking to the constraint; and the overpowering; the particle of purpose is not suitable for this place; so He said: ﴿For a specified term﴾; meaning: for the sake of a specified term; ﴿appointed﴾; set for it; which it cannot exceed; so when that term comes, it sets; thus every day; until the greatest term comes; and all of this order is disrupted; by the command of the All-Knowing King; and He establishes the people for the Day of Gathering; and the great matters will take place.

And when He indicated - glorified and exalted is He - that He is the chosen doer; capable of all that He wills; by what everyone witnesses in themselves; and in others; and He concluded with what is witnessed repeatedly every day twice; this certainly produced His saying - magnified by the tool of distance; and the 'm' of plurality -: ﴿That is﴾; meaning: the one of high status; who has done all these actions; ﴿Allah﴾; meaning: the one who has all attributes of perfection; then He alerted them that there is no planner for them besides Him; with another report; by His saying: ﴿Your Lord﴾; meaning: the one who brought you into existence from non-existence; the one who nurtures you with all blessings; there is no lord for you besides Him; then He began His saying: ﴿To Him﴾; meaning: alone; ﴿is the kingdom﴾; meaning: all of it; and He is the owner of all things; ﴿And those whom you call﴾; meaning: the invocation of worship; then He clarified their status with His saying: ﴿besides Him﴾; meaning: from the idols; and others; and everything; for they are below Him - glorified and exalted is He -; ﴿What they possess﴾; meaning: in this state in which you call them; and in every state in which it is correct to say to you this statement; and He emphasized the negation; so He said: ﴿of a thin membrane﴾; and it is; as narrated from Ibn Abbas - may Allah be pleased with them both -; (p-29) the covering of the seed; and it is the thin skin wrapped around it; a metaphor for the least of things; so how about what is above it; and they have nothing of the kingdom; for the verse is from the overlap: He mentioned the kingdom first; as evidence for its omission second; and the lack of kingdom second as evidence for its omission first;

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