Commentary
And when He mentioned - glorified and exalted is He - the difference of the essences; which indicates the wondrousness of His creation; He followed it with the changing of the meanings; as a sign of His profound power; He said - in the context of the subject of "He created you"; indicating that Allah (the Exalted) formed Adam when He created the earth; before there was night; or day; then He breathed into him the spirit at the end of the day of Friday; after He created the light on the day of Wednesday; and there did not come upon man a period of time - which is the measure of the movement of the celestial bodies - except that it is something mentioned -: ﴿He brings in﴾; meaning: He enters; in a manner of circulation; ﴿the night into the day﴾; so darkness becomes light.
And when this action is of the utmost admiration; and due to its frequent repetition it has become familiar; it was overlooked what it indicates of the completeness of power; He alerted to it by repeating the action; so He said: ﴿And He brings the day into the night﴾; so what was light becomes darkness; and sometimes the transition occurs with the shortness of this; and the length of that; so all of that indicates that He (the Exalted) acts by choice.
And when He mentioned the two luminaries; He mentioned what arises from them; so He said: ﴿And He has subjected the sun and the moon﴾; then He began His saying: ﴿Each﴾; meaning: from them; ﴿is running﴾; and when the purpose of the surah is the completeness of power; and the context here is to constrain the opposites to what increases; and for that reason He concluded the verse with sovereignty; looking to the constraint; and the overpowering; the particle of purpose is not suitable for this place; so He said: ﴿For a specified term﴾; meaning: for the sake of a specified term; ﴿appointed﴾; set for it; which it cannot exceed; so when that term comes, it sets; thus every day; until the greatest term comes; and all of this order is disrupted; by the command of the All-Knowing King; and He establishes the people for the Day of Gathering; and the great matters will take place.
And when He indicated - glorified and exalted is He - that He is the chosen doer; capable of all that He wills; by what everyone witnesses in themselves; and in others; and He concluded with what is witnessed repeatedly every day twice; this certainly produced His saying - magnified by the tool of distance; and the 'm' of plurality -: ﴿That is﴾; meaning: the one of high status; who has done all these actions; ﴿Allah﴾; meaning: the one who has all attributes of perfection; then He alerted them that there is no planner for them besides Him; with another report; by His saying: ﴿Your Lord﴾; meaning: the one who brought you into existence from non-existence; the one who nurtures you with all blessings; there is no lord for you besides Him; then He began His saying: ﴿To Him﴾; meaning: alone; ﴿is the kingdom﴾; meaning: all of it; and He is the owner of all things; ﴿And those whom you call﴾; meaning: the invocation of worship; then He clarified their status with His saying: ﴿besides Him﴾; meaning: from the idols; and others; and everything; for they are below Him - glorified and exalted is He -; ﴿What they possess﴾; meaning: in this state in which you call them; and in every state in which it is correct to say to you this statement; and He emphasized the negation; so He said: ﴿of a thin membrane﴾; and it is; as narrated from Ibn Abbas - may Allah be pleased with them both -; (p-29) the covering of the seed; and it is the thin skin wrapped around it; a metaphor for the least of things; so how about what is above it; and they have nothing of the kingdom; for the verse is from the overlap: He mentioned the kingdom first; as evidence for its omission second; and the lack of kingdom second as evidence for its omission first;
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