Commentary
And when He mentioned - glorified and exalted is He - what He has made them to be in terms of disparity in morals; He followed it with what they were upon of unity in the essence of origin; and its origin is the soil from which the water is drawn; after its mixing in it; even if its types differ; He said - clarifying some of the signs of the souls; adding to what He added to it: "And Allah is the One who sent the winds" [Fatir: 9], which is among the signs of the horizons; indicating that He is capable of distinguishing after the intense mixing; and that He has decreed everything; from provisions; and lifespans; and calamities; and joys; so there is no fruit of deceit except what befalls the deceiver from hardship; and the punishment from Allah; and harm -: "And Allah"; meaning: the One who has all the attributes of perfection; and when He left no need for restriction; He said: "He created you from dust"; meaning: similar; even if its types differ; by the creation of your father from it; and He mixed it in a way that cannot be distinguished by others; then He referred it away from that essence fundamentally; and the reference to it is indicated by His saying: "Then"; meaning: after that time; and rank; He created you "from a sperm drop"; meaning: He made it a second essence similar to that original soil; more intensely mixed than it; then after the completion of the arrangement for a time; and rank; to the sperm drop; which has no relation to the soil; indicating the perfection of ability; and action by choice; "Then He made you pairs"; between males; and females; indicating it is more evident than what preceded it regarding choice; and the falsehood of the people of nature; and regarding resurrection; by distinguishing what is suitable from the soil for masculinity; and femininity.
And when the pregnancy is also a refutation of the people of nature; that it does not occur from every union; He pointed to it with His saying - affirming; in response to them; informing that this is only by His ability -: "And what you carry"; meaning: in the womb; by pregnancy; "of female"; indicating with the preposition the completeness of inclusion; and when the delivery is also like that; that it does not complete every time it is carried; He said: "And you do not deliver"; meaning: a pregnancy; "except"; accompanied; "by His knowledge"; at its time; and type; and form; and other than that of its affair; specifically regarding all of that; even from its mother who is closest to it; so it cannot be except by His ability; what He wills He completes; and what He wills He brings forth.
And when what comes after birth is also indicative of choice; due to their differing lifespans; while they are similar in essence; it is indicated by His saying - indicating by the passive form due to the ease of the matter for Him - glorified and exalted is He; and that longevity and decrease is what is meant by the attribution -: ﴿And whatever is given longevity from a longevity-giver﴾; meaning: it is increased in the lifespan of one whose lifespan is long; meaning: it has reached a long lifespan by actual deed; Qatadah said: 'sixty'; or in meaning; by the increase of the chosen doer; an increase without which his lifespan would have been shorter than what he has reached; ﴿And it is not decreased from his lifespan﴾; meaning: the longevity-giver; by force; and he is the one who was typically capable of a long lifespan; so he was not given longevity by the decrease of the chosen doer; a decrease without which his lifespan would have been long; so the mentioned longevity-giver; what is meant by it is the deed; and that to which the pronoun returns; the longevity-giver by force; so it is from the wondrous usage; and if the expression were with 'one'; this meaning would not be correct; and the reading of Ya'qub - differently - from Ruways; with the opening of the 'ya' and the damming of the 'qaf'; in the active form; indicates that a short lifespan is more common.
And when it was in the context of knowledge; and the most accurate of it in the course of our customs is what was written; He said: ﴿Except in a book﴾; written in it: 'The lifespan of so-and-so is such; and the lifespan of so-and-so is such; and such is the lifespan of so-and-so if he does such; and his lifespan is such - more or less - if he does not do it.'
And when that matter is something that cannot be encompassed by counting; nor confined by limits; so it is among what the ignorant deny; He said - confirming its ease -: ﴿Indeed, that﴾; meaning: the great matter; of writing all lifespans; and estimating them; and encompassing them in detail; ﴿is upon Allah﴾; meaning: the One who has all might; for He prevails over all that He wills; especially; ﴿is easy﴾.
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