And when there remained after this nothing but for them to say out of stubbornness: You are misguided, there is no madness in you nor lying, but what has come to you has led you astray from the right path. He said: ﴿Say﴾, meaning to these stubborn ones as a way of appealing with what is in your words of fairness and teaching manners: ﴿If I am misguided﴾, meaning from the path as a matter of obligation ﴿then I only misguide﴾. And when Allah, glorified and exalted is He, has made the intellect an intellect that prevents from error and forbids from desires, and since error only comes from the distractions of the soul with its desires and whims, the intended meaning is: with what is in my soul of distractions that rationalize the intellect. He said, pointing to that: ﴿Upon myself﴾, meaning that when misguidance prevails over something, its matter becomes apparent, and its flaws become clear, and its disgrace becomes obligatory. The one who possesses it becomes in a state where he does not know anything that benefits or restores. For this reason, he resorts to foolishness and abuse, as has occurred in all your sects. Because Allah, glorified and exalted is He, has made sound intellects a criterion for that. So whenever the paths of [truth] are mentioned and clarified, the matter of falsehood becomes apparent and exposed. [And when the soul is inclined, rather it is thrown toward falsehood, He expressed misguidance in the absolute, and guidance in the causative, indicating that there must be a guide and a remedy in it. And He expressed with the tool of doubt, using fairness, and said]: ﴿And if I am guided, it is by﴾, meaning my guidance is only by what ﴿is revealed to me by my Lord﴾, meaning the one who is gracious to me, not by anyone else. Therefore, there can be no misguidance in it because there is no share in it for the soul at all, so no one can have any criticism of anything from it. And my guidance is for my soul. The apparent meaning of the verse is His descent from Him, and its hidden meaning is guiding them to correct their vision, to straighten it, to refine their thought, and to educate it. And it is from the intertwining: He omitted first the fact that misguidance is from himself, by what was indicated [by it] secondly that guidance is from revelation [and secondly] the fact that guidance is for him by what was indicated by the fact that misguidance is upon him. Then he explained misguidance and guidance by saying: ﴿Indeed﴾, meaning my Lord ﴿is All-Hearing, Near﴾, meaning nothing of the state of the one who lies against Him is hidden from Him. He is worthy that He exposes him as He has exposed you in all that you claim, and nothing is distant from Him so that He needs to delay in perceiving it to cover a distance or something like that. Rather, He is aware of everything that He intends whenever He intends. And the verse is guidance from Allah, glorified and exalted is He, that even if He created for mankind an intellect that does not go astray or deviate, He surrounded it with distractions from desires, whims, laziness, and lethargy, so hardly does anyone escape from them except whom Allah protects. So when that was the case, He sent down, glorified is He, books that are pure intellect, and sent messengers whom He stripped of those distractions. He made their morals (p-536) their laws. So it is upon everyone to follow His messengers, who are left behind with His books, accusing [his intellect, rejecting] his opinion as the companions, may Allah be pleased with them, did, to be a believer in the unseen with true faith, so he may enter into His saying, glorified and exalted is He, in Surah Fatir: ﴿You only warn those who fear their Lord in the unseen﴾ [Fatir: 18] and not be one who seeks after the veil has been lifted from a distant place.