Tafsir for verse: 34:17
ذَٰلِكَ جَزَيۡنَٰهُم بِمَا كَفَرُواْۖ وَهَلۡ نُجَٰزِيٓ إِلَّا ٱلۡكَفُورَ ١٧ ﴿17
17Thus We punished them because of their ungratefulness. We do not give (such a) punishment but to the ungrateful.
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Commentary

And when he informed about this destruction and deprivation after they had been in that great kingdom, he emphasized its matter, presenting the action to indicate that he is extremely concerned with its understanding. He said: ﴿That﴾ meaning the great reward, high in rank, in the matter of transformation ﴿We recompensed them﴾ with what we have of greatness ﴿for their disbelief﴾ meaning they covered the clear evidence.

And when it was from the established custom among those of high aspirations, who are rooted in confronting the champions, to exaggerate in the recompense of one who wronged after having done good, and who responded to kindness with ingratitude, due to what it has affected in the hearts from the fire time after time, and repeatedly in the effect of repetition, He, glorified and exalted is He, conducted the matter according to this custom. He said, indicating that with the form of mutual action, counting the absence of their recompense in relation to Him as nothing, a threat that shatters hearts and restrains souls, and leaves necks submissive and heads: ﴿And will We recompense﴾ meaning this recompense which is on the way of punishment from a recompense that is exaggerated ﴿except for the ungrateful﴾ meaning the one who exaggerates in disbelief. And the reading of Hamzah, Al-Kisai, and Hafs from Asim is “We recompense” with the noon in a style that precedes it from greatness and the accusative of “the ungrateful.” Al-Farra said: The believer is recompensed and not recompensed - as if he is indicating that the punishment of the wrongdoer is for his action, so it is mutual action, while the reward of the obedient is a favor from Allah, not for the sake of his action, for indeed his action is a blessing from Allah, and that does not contradict the multiplication. Al-Qushayri said: [Similarly] among people are those who are in abundance of condition (p-485) and connection from guidance and goodness of heart and assistance from time, so he commits a slip or behaves poorly or follows a desire, and does not recognize the value of what he is in, so he changes his condition. There is no time nor condition, nor joy nor connection, the day darkens upon him, while his nights were illuminated with marvelous lights.

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