Tafsir for verse: 33:17
قُلۡ مَن ذَا ٱلَّذِي يَعۡصِمُكُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ إِنۡ أَرَادَ بِكُمۡ سُوٓءًا أَوۡ أَرَادَ بِكُمۡ رَحۡمَةٗۚ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ لَهُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيّٗا وَلَا نَصِيرٗا ١٧ ﴿17
17Say, “Who is there to protect you from Allah, if He intends evil to you, or (who is there to prevent Him) if He intends mercy for you?” Beside Allah, they will not find for themselves either a friend or a helper.
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Commentary

And when they were bound by their adherence to illusion and revolving with the senses, like the behavior of the ignorant, they were deserving of saying: Yes, it benefits us, for we have often seen those who fled and were safe, and those who stood firm and were defeated. He commanded him to respond to this by saying: "Say" to them, denying them: "Who is it that can protect you" meaning prevent you "from Allah" who encompasses everything with power and knowledge before fleeing, in the state of fleeing, and after it "if He intends for you harm" then He brings upon you His punishment, so that it turns away that harm from you "or" humiliates you and disgraces your side and degrades it by inflicting harm upon you if "He intends for you mercy" then He grants you His blessings. Mercy is the benefit, as He named it that because it is its effect. Measure this meaning against the measures of your minds, considering it with what you have found from the two sides in all your lives. Have you protected yourselves from an evil intention, so that the protection benefited you, or did another strive to prevent you from His mercy, so that his matter was fulfilled, or did Allah inflict something upon you from that, so that anyone could determine it while exerting effort to uncover it without His permission? And it is possible that the verse is from the overlapping: He mentioned the harm first as a proof for the omission of its opposite second, and He mentioned the mercy second as a proof for the omission of its opposite first.

And when they were the most rigid of people, He indicated, glorified is He, by their not hastening to respond themselves with what indicates the source of their rigidity by referring to what is known that its estimation is a response from every person of insight: No one can protect them from Him from anything of that, nor can anything of it reach them. So He said: "And they will not find" meaning at any time of the times "for themselves" and He alerted that there is nothing except that it is in His grasp, glorified is He, and that there is no encompassing of anything other than Him in anything, not even by the ranks that are below His rank, by His saying affirming the preposition: "besides Allah" and He expressed it with the proper name indicating His encompassing of every beautiful description. So from where could there be for others the grasp of anything from it except by His permission? "A protector" who supports them and benefits them with a type of benefit "and no helper" who helps them in His matter to turn away what He intended of harm from them.

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