Commentary
And when they were people of eloquence and fluency, and skill in debate, it would sometimes be said by their obstinate ones: What is it with him if what you claim is true, that he does not care about anything and does not diminish anything from His treasures, and He is the Almighty, the Most Merciful? Does He not equalize between all in entering Paradise and bestowing blessings, so that He encompasses them with visible mercy as He encompassed them with it in this world, as is the way of the doers of good? This led to the denial of this, indicating that the reason for preventing it is that it goes against wisdom. For that is the abode of recompense, and this is the abode of action, and between them is a distance: "Is he who is..." meaning in a state as if he is firmly established like a mountain, "a believer..." meaning firmly rooted in the great belief in all that the messengers have informed about, "like one who is..." [And since the context is linked to the evidence of "You have no protector or intercessor besides Him" [Surah As-Sajdah: 4], the disbeliever is outside the scope of that evidence which is not hidden from anyone who has hearing, sight, and heart. The situation necessitated expressing it with the term 'fasiq' which means one who is outside the scope, so he said: "a fasiq" meaning firmly rooted in disbelief, outside the circle of submission.
And when the questioning was directed to everyone who possessed this description, and the questioning was one of denial, he expressed its meaning explicitly by saying: "They are not equal." This indicates - by carrying on the word 'who' once and its meaning another time - that a group of these is not equal to a group of those, nor is an individual equal to an individual.
Explore Other Scholars on This Verse
Compare different scholarly perspectives on Surah As-Sajdah verse 18