Tafsir for verse: 32:16
تَتَجَافَىٰ جُنُوبُهُمۡ عَنِ ٱلۡمَضَاجِعِ يَدۡعُونَ رَبَّهُمۡ خَوۡفٗا وَطَمَعٗا وَمِمَّا رَزَقۡنَٰهُمۡ يُنفِقُونَ ١٦ ﴿16
16Their sides remain apart from their beds. They call their Lord with fear and hope, and spend (in charity) out of what We have given to them.
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Commentary

And when the humble may sometimes be attributed to laziness, He negated that from them by saying, clarifying what the previous verse contained of their fear: ﴿They turn away﴾ meaning they rise up with a significant elevation in distancing - as indicated by the manifestation. And He gave them glad tidings of their abundance by the expression of multitude, saying: ﴿Their sides﴾ after sleep ﴿from their beds﴾ meaning the prepared and laid-out bedding which is [the place of] comfort, tranquility, and sleep. They would be upon it as if stung, unable to remain settled upon it, in the night which is the place of solitude and the gathering of pleasure and joy with what the souls desire. [Imam al-Suhrawardi said in the forty-sixth chapter of his 'Awarif' about the lovers: It is said: Their sleep is the sleep of the awakened, and their eating is the eating of the sick, and their words are necessity. So whoever sleeps due to an overpowering concern related to the night prayer will be granted success in the night prayer. And indeed the soul, when it has tasted and is accustomed to sleep, will flow in it, and if it is disturbed by the sincerity of determination, it does not flow in remaining settled. And this disturbance in the soul by the sincerity of determination is the distancing that Allah mentioned, because the concern for the night prayer and the sincerity of determination makes between the side and the bed equal and distant.]

And when the abandonment of the bed may be for reasons other than worship, He clarified that it is for it, saying, clarifying their state: ﴿They call﴾ meaning in a manner of continuity. And He revealed the description that encouraged them to ask, saying: ﴿Their Lord﴾ meaning the One who has accustomed them with His kindness. Then He explained their supplication by saying: ﴿In fear﴾ meaning of His wrath and punishment, [for the causes of fear from their shortcomings are many, whether they know a reason that necessitates fear or not, for they (p-256) do not feel secure from His deception, for He has the power to do as He wills.] ﴿And in hope﴾ meaning for His pleasure which necessitates His reward. And He expressed it with this rather than hope, indicating that due to their profound awareness of their shortcomings, they do not consider their deeds as anything, rather they seek His grace without a cause. [And if they hope for His mercy without a cause, then with a cause they are more hopeful, for they do not despair of His relief.]

And when worship cuts off from indulgence in the world, perhaps the soul of the worshipper may urge them to cling to what is in their hands out of fear of the deficiency of worship due to the need for distraction of thought and movement to seek provision. He urged spending from it, relying on the Creator, the Provider, who has guaranteed the return, so that they would be more secure with what He has guaranteed for them than with what they have. And indicating that prayer is a cause for blessings in provision: ﴿And command your family to prayer and be steadfast therein. We do not ask you for provision; We provide for you.﴾ [Ta-Ha: 132] He said, hinting at the manifestation of greatness, alerting that provision is solely from Him: ﴿And from what We have provided them﴾ meaning by Our greatness, there is no power from them nor strength. ﴿They spend﴾ without extravagance or stinginess in all the forms of good that We have legislated for them.

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