Tafsir for verse: 3:40
قَالَ رَبِّ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لِي غُلَٰمٞ وَقَدۡ بَلَغَنِيَ ٱلۡكِبَرُ وَٱمۡرَأَتِي عَاقِرٞۖ قَالَ كَذَٰلِكَ ٱللَّهُ يَفۡعَلُ مَا يَشَآءُ ٤٠ ﴿40
40He said: “O my Lord, how shall I have a boy when old age has come upon me and my wife is barren?” Said He: “That is how Allah does what He wills.”
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Commentary

So it is as if it were said: What did he say when his Lord, glorified and exalted is He, answered him? It was said: He said, "He seeks to confirm with that which increases him in tranquility, certainty, and peace." "My Lord," meaning, O You who is gracious to me.

And when what he desired was a son who would take his place in the prophethood, which only strong males are capable of, and since it was customary that the son of an elder would be weak, especially if his cultivation was with the decline of age, in its essence not suitable for planting, he preferred to express to him his desire, so he said: "How" meaning, how and from where "will there be for me" and he expressed in a way that revolves around dominance and strength, increasing in clarity. He said: "A boy." And in his expression of it in the context of being chaste, there is evidence that he is at the utmost of health and strength, which necessitates a strong inclination towards marriage, while he, with that, prevents himself from it with a prevention exceeding the limit, due to his overwhelming presence of the necessity of fully engaging in worship and turning away from everything that distracts from it altogether, especially marriage, to the extent that it is thought that he has no desire for it. And this is consistent with the first expression of being chaste in the dictionary, which is one that should not be deviated from, as it is a building of exaggeration from a transitive verb, and because it is more praiseworthy for him, blessings and peace be upon him. And whatever revolves around the attribute of perfection in the prophets, peace be upon them, it is necessary that it should not be deviated from. And what has been reported - as will come, if Allah, glorified and exalted is He, wills in Surah Maryam, peace be upon her - "that the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, said:

"His mention is like this dirt." They have weakened it. Based on the estimation of its authenticity, this would indicate that when he turned away from it completely, what he had with him weakened because of that. So it is news about the last of his affair that his determination led him to. The verse indicates what his creation and instinct necessitated, even though gathering for the completeness of human existence through marriage is more complete, as occurred for our Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, and will occur for Jesus, peace be upon him, after his descent. "And indeed, I have reached old age" to a point where it is not customary to give birth. "And my wife is barren." Al-Harali said: From al-‘uqr, which is reaching the point of cessation of offspring due to old age - this is what he said. And the verse of Surah Maryam indicates that the meaning is that she remained barren. The words of the people of language support this. It is said in the dictionary regarding al-ra: al-‘aqrah and it is pronounced with a dhammah: al-‘uqm. And it has been said: "She has been rendered barren" as in "She has been afflicted," so she is barren. A barren man or ‘aqir: one who does not have a child born to him. Al-‘aqrah, like al-hamzah: a condition carried by a woman so that she does not give birth. And it is said in al-mim: al-‘uqm with a dhammah: a condition that occurs in the womb so that it does not accept a child. "She became barren" like "She rejoiced," "She triumphed," "She was generous," and "She was afflicted." A barren womb, a barren woman, and a barren man: one who does not have offspring. And the two Imams Abu Abdullah al-Qazzaz in his diwan and Abdul Haqq in his commentary said: Al-‘uqr with a dhammah on the ‘ain and a sukoon on the qaf is the source of the barren woman, who does not conceive without illness or old age. It is said: A barren woman, and she has ‘uqr. She was named thus as if there were ‘uqr in her womb preventing her from giving birth. Imam Abu Ghalib, Ibn al-Tayyani, in his comprehensive book, the author of [the fertilization of] the eye, said: Al-‘uqr is the source of the barren woman, who does not conceive without illness or old age, but by creation. Then he said: "And she became barren" means when she gave birth and then ceased - and Allah is the Grantor of success. Then he connected his saying: "He said: So likewise" meaning like this noble and exalted act. And since his inquiry was about strength and perfection, not about character, He, glorified and exalted is He, expressed this in explaining that act, unlike what comes in the story of Mary, peace be upon her, where He said: "Allah does what He wills" because He encompasses everything in power and knowledge. It is as if it was said: His eyes have been pleased, so what did He say?

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