Tafsir for verse: 3:156
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَكُونُواْ كَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَقَالُواْ لِإِخۡوَٰنِهِمۡ إِذَا ضَرَبُواْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَوۡ كَانُواْ غُزّٗى لَّوۡ كَانُواْ عِندَنَا مَا مَاتُواْ وَمَا قُتِلُواْ لِيَجۡعَلَ ٱللَّهُ ذَٰلِكَ حَسۡرَةٗ فِي قُلُوبِهِمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ يُحۡيِۦ وَيُمِيتُۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٞ ١٥٦ ﴿156
156O you who believe, do not be like those who disbelieved and said about their brethren while they travelled on the earth or had to fight, “Had they been with us, they would have not died, nor would they have been killed.” The result is that Allah makes it a remorse resting in their hearts. Allah gives life and brings death; Allah is watchful of what you do.
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Commentary

And when their saying was: "If we were to remain in the city represented by the fortified armor" - as was the opinion of the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, and the elders among his companions; we would have been safe; to other than that of what he indicated - glorified and exalted is He -; a saying that provoked the anger of the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him; for what it contained of accusation; and bad belief; and despite that, it was likely to deceive many of the people of obedience; due to their intense love for those who were killed among them; and their overwhelming grief for them; it was most appropriate to hasten to the admonition that removes this effect; and when the Messenger, blessings and peace be upon him, was supported by the greatest steadfastness; for what he was characterized with of pure traits; and apparent virtues; it was most appropriate to begin with something other than it; so he forbade those who believed from being deceived by their words; and He, the Most High, said: "O you who have believed"; meaning: declare the acknowledgment of faith; affirm your saying that "do not be like those who disbelieved"; meaning: with their hearts; in a manner of concealment; "and they said"; meaning: what exposed them; "for their brothers"; meaning: for the sake of their dear brothers to them; by lineage; or by sect; "if they traveled"; meaning: if they traveled with an unrestricted journey; "in the land"; meaning: for trade; or otherwise; "or were they raiders"; meaning: raiders; exaggerating in raiding in the way of Allah; with travel; or otherwise - the plural of "raider"; and they died; or were killed; "if they were with us"; meaning: they did not part from us; "they would not have died and would not have been killed"; and this is in the utmost mockery of them; for the implication of this saying from them - especially with this emphasis - necessitates the claim that no one dies in the city; and no sane person would say that; and when this saying was saddening; its belief and concealment; He, glorified and exalted is He, attached it to His saying: "They said"; and by the negation of being like those who said His saying: "So that Allah may make"; meaning: the one who has no equal to Him; "that"; meaning: the saying; or the exclusivity of it from a partner; "a regret in their hearts"; meaning: by their belief; and the lack of sharing in it; and according to the estimation of the attachment with "They said"; it would be from the mockery of them; for if they had not said it for this purpose which no sane person intends; they would have said it not for any purpose at all; and that is more ingrained in the fact that it is not from the actions of the sane; "and Allah"; meaning: do not be like them; and the condition - or they said that while the condition is - that the One who has complete knowledge; "gives life"; meaning: whom He wills; at the time He wills; "and causes death"; meaning: whom He wills; when He wills; no precaution can avail against His decree; "and Allah"; meaning: the One who encompasses everything with power and knowledge; "is All-Aware of what you do"; meaning: of your actions; and of everything from it; "All-Seeing"; and of everything from it, He is All-Powerful; nothing from it occurs without His permission; and whenever it is against His command, He punishes for it.

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