Commentary
And when the decree was: you were defeated when the devil shouted falsely: 'Indeed, Muhammad has been killed'; and that was not for you; for you only worship the Lord of Muhammad, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer; and you fight for Him; as for Muhammad, he is not eternal for you in this world; he said: ﴿And Muhammad is but a messenger﴾; meaning: death is part of his nature; there is no deity; then he confirmed the intended meaning from the context by saying: ﴿Indeed, messengers have passed on before him﴾; meaning: they have departed; either by death or being raised to the heavens; and since the intended meaning is that the absence of them was only at some point in the past; for what has passed; he established the connection; and said: ﴿Before him, messengers﴾; meaning: so follow their path; and you should follow the path of whoever advises themselves from their followers; and hold fast to their light.
And when this caused the denial of their defeat; and it called them to the estimation of their loss; he denied it upon them by saying: ﴿Then if﴾; and since the King, who is capable of what He wills, does not say anything - even if it is obligatory - except that He does it; even if in the least of ways; and it was in His knowledge - glorified is He - that he ﷺ would die a death - for he is on his bed -; and by being killed - for he is poisoned -; he said: ﴿He died﴾; meaning: a death on the bed; ﴿or was killed﴾; meaning: by being killed; ﴿You turned back﴾; meaning: from the state in which he departed from you; so you lost the feelings of religion; and you left the laws of the messengers; then he confirmed the meaning by saying: ﴿On your heels﴾; so that it is not assumed that the intended meaning is absolute turning; even if it is in equality; and turning to better; ﴿And whoever﴾; meaning: you turned while the state is that whoever ﴿turns back on his heels﴾; meaning: by abandoning what his prophet has legislated for him; or by being negligent in it; ﴿Then he will not harm Allah﴾; meaning: the One who encompasses all greatness; ﴿Anything﴾; for He is exalted above that; because all creation is under His command; they do not move a movement except in accordance with His will; if He willed, He would guide them all; and if He willed, He would misguide them all; and indeed, that one who turns back harms only himself due to his disbelief in Allah; and Allah will reward the grateful; and whoever walks steadfastly on the straight path, he only benefits himself; for his gratitude to Allah; ﴿And Allah will reward﴾; meaning: the One who has all attributes of perfection; ﴿the grateful﴾; meaning: all of them; for the verse is from the intertwining: 'He established the turning back; and the absence of harm first; as evidence for the omission of its opposite secondly; and the reward secondly; as evidence for the omission of something similar first.'
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