Tafsir for verse: 3:144
وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٞ قَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِن قَبۡلِهِ ٱلرُّسُلُۚ أَفَإِيْن مَّاتَ أَوۡ قُتِلَ ٱنقَلَبۡتُمۡ عَلَىٰٓ أَعۡقَٰبِكُمۡۚ وَمَن يَنقَلِبۡ عَلَىٰ عَقِبَيۡهِ فَلَن يَضُرَّ ٱللَّهَ شَيۡـٔٗاۚ وَسَيَجۡزِي ٱللَّهُ ٱلشَّٰكِرِينَ ١٤٤ ﴿144
144MuHammad is but a messenger, there have been messengers before him. So, if he dies or is killed, would you turn back on your heels? Whoever turns back on his heels can never harm Allah in the least. Allah shall soon reward the grateful.
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Commentary

And when the decree was: you were defeated when the devil shouted falsely: 'Indeed, Muhammad has been killed'; and that was not for you; for you only worship the Lord of Muhammad, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer; and you fight for Him; as for Muhammad, he is not eternal for you in this world; he said: ﴿And Muhammad is but a messenger﴾; meaning: death is part of his nature; there is no deity; then he confirmed the intended meaning from the context by saying: ﴿Indeed, messengers have passed on before him﴾; meaning: they have departed; either by death or being raised to the heavens; and since the intended meaning is that the absence of them was only at some point in the past; for what has passed; he established the connection; and said: ﴿Before him, messengers﴾; meaning: so follow their path; and you should follow the path of whoever advises themselves from their followers; and hold fast to their light.

And when this caused the denial of their defeat; and it called them to the estimation of their loss; he denied it upon them by saying: ﴿Then if﴾; and since the King, who is capable of what He wills, does not say anything - even if it is obligatory - except that He does it; even if in the least of ways; and it was in His knowledge - glorified is He - that he ﷺ would die a death - for he is on his bed -; and by being killed - for he is poisoned -; he said: ﴿He died﴾; meaning: a death on the bed; ﴿or was killed﴾; meaning: by being killed; ﴿You turned back﴾; meaning: from the state in which he departed from you; so you lost the feelings of religion; and you left the laws of the messengers; then he confirmed the meaning by saying: ﴿On your heels﴾; so that it is not assumed that the intended meaning is absolute turning; even if it is in equality; and turning to better; ﴿And whoever﴾; meaning: you turned while the state is that whoever ﴿turns back on his heels﴾; meaning: by abandoning what his prophet has legislated for him; or by being negligent in it; ﴿Then he will not harm Allah﴾; meaning: the One who encompasses all greatness; ﴿Anything﴾; for He is exalted above that; because all creation is under His command; they do not move a movement except in accordance with His will; if He willed, He would guide them all; and if He willed, He would misguide them all; and indeed, that one who turns back harms only himself due to his disbelief in Allah; and Allah will reward the grateful; and whoever walks steadfastly on the straight path, he only benefits himself; for his gratitude to Allah; ﴿And Allah will reward﴾; meaning: the One who has all attributes of perfection; ﴿the grateful﴾; meaning: all of them; for the verse is from the intertwining: 'He established the turning back; and the absence of harm first; as evidence for the omission of its opposite secondly; and the reward secondly; as evidence for the omission of something similar first.'

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