Tafsir for verse: 29:45
ٱتۡلُ مَآ أُوحِيَ إِلَيۡكَ مِنَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَأَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَۖ إِنَّ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ تَنۡهَىٰ عَنِ ٱلۡفَحۡشَآءِ وَٱلۡمُنكَرِۗ وَلَذِكۡرُ ٱللَّهِ أَكۡبَرُۗ وَٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُ مَا تَصۡنَعُونَ ٤٥ ﴿45
45Recite (O Prophet) what is revealed to you of the Book, and establish Salāh . Surely Salāh restrains one from shameful and evil acts. Indeed remembrance of Allah is the greatest of all things. Allah knows what you do.
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Commentary

And when this news has conveyed all of the Quran, which there is no truth more deserving than it, and has indicated that understanding such matters requires more knowledge, and that the key to knowledge of it, glorified and exalted is He, is the firmness of faith, He addressed the foremost of the people of faith because he is the greatest of those who understand it, so that the followers may take him as an example. He said: "Recite what has been revealed to you"; that is: follow its recitation. This indicates its honor due to its being specifically addressed to him by His saying: "It has been revealed to you"; for revelation is the secretive imparting. "From the Book" [meaning:] the one that encompasses all good, for it is beneficial for faith, even though it is the most deserving of the truth for which the heavens and the earth were created. The frequent recitation of it increases insight into its matters and opens the treasures of its knowledge. It is too generous to grant its reader a benefit and too exalted to give the guidance of its benefits and to lift the veil from its jewels and rarities at the first instance. Rather, every time the reader repeats it with contemplation, he is bestowed with a treasure from its secrets, and the more he increases, the more he is granted from the glimmers of its lights, until he is certain that its wonders cannot be counted, and its curiosities cannot be limited.

And when He guided to the key of knowledge, the law of action, which is only valid by the Quran, was indicated. It is what gathers concern, so that the heart is present, the chest expands, and thought arises in the gardens of its sciences. He said: "And establish the prayer"; that is: the one that is the most deserving of acts of worship. Then He justified that by saying, indicating with emphasis the greatness of its matter, and that it is something that is hidden from most people: "Indeed, prayer prohibits"; that is: it creates prohibition and renews it for the one who regularly establishes it with all of its limits "against immorality"; that is: the characteristics whose ugliness has reached a peak, "and wrongdoing"; that is: that which contains a type of ugliness, even if it is subtle. The least of what is in it from prohibition is the prohibition against abandoning it, which is disbelief. Whoever refrains from that, his chest expands, and his thought broadens, and he learns from the secrets of the Quran what no one else knows. "And fear Allah, and Allah will teach you" [Al-Baqarah: 282].

And when the prohibition is, in reality, only the remembrance of Allah, he followed that with encouragement towards the spirit of prayer and its greatest purpose, which is to be aware of the One to whom one prays, as if he sees Him, so that he may be in the greatest remembrance by His saying: ﴿And the remembrance of Allah﴾, meaning: and because the remembrance of the One deserving of every attribute of perfection is ﴿greater﴾, meaning: than everything. So whoever brings that to mind with his heart, everything else becomes trivial to him: 'Indeed, My servant, every servant of Mine who remembers Me at the meeting of his counterpart.' Or it may be intended that whoever is consistent in prayer remembers Allah, and whoever remembers Him is likely to have a soft heart, and whoever's heart softens, his core becomes enlightened, so he is likely to be deterred by this fruitful remembrance from disobedience. Thus, the remembrance of the one who remembers Him, glorified and exalted is He, is a greater deterrent for him from the forbidden than the prohibition of prayer for him. And His remembrance of him, glorified and exalted is He, is great, as He, the Most High, said: ﴿So remember Me; I will remember you﴾ [Al-Baqarah: 152]. And if this is the state of the servant's remembrance of his Lord, what do you think of the remembrance of his Lord of him whenever He approaches him with prayer? Surely, it is fitting that He raises him to a level that cannot be described and adorns him with His lights in garments that cannot be counted.

And when that requires treatment for the crooked natures and the deviant dispositions, and training for the difficult obligations, and exercise for the rebellious souls, and since he (blessings and peace be upon him) was purified from all of that by what he was created with from the original nature, then by what he washed his heart with from the water of wisdom, and other than that from the great blessings, he turned to addressing the followers, urging them towards striving, and he said: ﴿And Allah﴾, meaning: the One encompassing in knowledge and power ﴿knows﴾, meaning: at every moment ﴿what you do﴾ of good and evil, expressing with the word 'doing' which indicates the continuity of action, as a reminder that establishing what has been mentioned requires training and practice until it becomes a correct nature and a clear intention.

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