Tafsir for verse: 29:39
وَقَٰرُونَ وَفِرۡعَوۡنَ وَهَٰمَٰنَۖ وَلَقَدۡ جَآءَهُم مُّوسَىٰ بِٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِ فَٱسۡتَكۡبَرُواْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا كَانُواْ سَٰبِقِينَ ٣٩ ﴿39
39And (We also destroyed) Qārūn and Pharaoh and Hāmān. Indeed Mūsā came to them with clear signs; so they acted arrogantly on the earth, and were not (able) to escape.
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Commentary

And when it was clear for Pharaoh and those mentioned with him from arrogance in a situation that does not remain hidden, due to the strength they brought with wealth and men, he said: "And Qarun" meaning: We destroyed him and his people because his falling into the causes of destruction is more astonishing, as he was from the Children of Israel, and because he was tested with wealth and knowledge. This was [the cause of his admiration, so he became arrogant towards Musa and Harun, blessings and peace be upon them, and this was the cause of his destruction] "And Pharaoh and Haman" his minister who kindled for him against the clay, so he neither escaped nor was a leader in disbelief, rather he sold his happiness by being a sinner for others.

And when their destruction was more astonishing with the witnessing of the signs, it was deserving of denial, indicating that witnessing the signs is deserving of faith to be obligatory. He said: "And certainly Musa came to them with clear signs" meaning: those that left no ambiguity, so they caused themselves to be subject to what it necessitated from insight, arrogance. "So they became arrogant" meaning: they sought to be greater than every great one by their actions being the actions of one who seeks that. "In the land" after the coming of Musa, blessings and peace be upon him, to them [more] than they had before him.

And when one who is arrogant - while knowing that he is taken - is more blameworthy than one who is ignorant of that, he said: "And they were not" meaning: those who mentioned all this, in any way "preceding" meaning: escaping what we want from them, by being out of our grasp, rather they are in the grasp as we mentioned at the beginning of the surah and they are aware of that.

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