And when He compared them to the deaf in that they do not hear except with the approach, He likened them to the blind in that they do not find guidance in any way except with a shepherd who is not distracted from them by a lapse or weariness. He said: "And you are not a guide" meaning: one who constantly brings guidance to the hearts of the "blind" [meaning: in their sight and insight, removing for them and transferring and distancing them] "from their misguidance" from the path by which He protects them from being removed from it altogether. For this is something that only the Living, the Sustainer, can do. The context, as you see, indicates the descent of their disbelief in three ranks: the highest like the disbelief of Abu Jahl, the middle like Utbah ibn Rabi'ah, and the lowest like Abu Talib and some of the hypocrites. More clarification about this will come in Surah Ar-Rum.

And when it was that perhaps He would cease from their calling, He encouraged him in their submission and humility by saying: "Indeed" meaning: what "you do not make hear" meaning: a hearing of benefit in the utmost completeness, in every situation "except for one who believes" meaning: one whom We know to be truthful "in Our signs" by making in him the capacity for hearing. Then He caused the following statement to be a proof of his faith: "So they are Muslims" meaning: in the utmost obedience to You in ease and hardship, with no choice for them nor will in anything of the matters.