And when the establishment of matters and their appearance in every manifestation is only by the light, in a sensory way by existence, and in a meaning by making the existents signs that indicate their Creator, He, the Exalted, said, indicating what He has informed of, that He alone is the light of the heavens and the earth, meaning their Creator by His knowledge and power. And that whoever is clothed by His light, then on the Day of Resurrection, which is the day He recompenses the creation according to what the knowledge, which is the light in reality, entails of their deeds, and whoever is stripped of the light is doomed: "Did you not see?" meaning know, O head of the successful ones in the rank of excellence, knowledge that is in its permanence as in witnessing, "that Allah," the possessor of the attributes of perfection, "is glorified for Him," meaning is exalted above every blemish of deficiency for His sake, especially with what He has in it of complete power, "who is in the heavens."

And when the foundation of the surah is based on the comprehensiveness of knowledge and power, He did not emphasize, so He said: "and the earth," meaning both of them and all that is in them by the language of its state or the instrument of its saying. And He knew that the intended meaning is the generality by His conjunction of some of what does not have intellect, and He expressed with "who" because the one informing of it is from the duties of the rational ones.

And when the matter of the birds is more indicative because it is more astonishing, He specified: "and the birds, spreading their wings," meaning extending their wings in the atmosphere of the sky. There is no doubt that none holds them except Allah, and His holding them in the atmosphere while they are heavy bodies, and His decree for them therein regarding grasping and extending is a decisive proof of the perfection of His power.

And when knowledge is described by that which is a cause, like the compiled book and similar, and a name of the doer is derived for the thing that it has accompanied, as it is said: "its night is standing," and "its day is fasting."

﴿And you will continue to see treachery from them﴾ [Al-Ma'idah: 13]. And the lines of power are adorned upon every being, clearly manifest in the pages of everything. Thus, the beings are by that a sign of their Creator and what He has of every attribute of perfection. It is correct to apply knowledge to them and to ascribe it to them, so He said: ﴿Every﴾ meaning from the created beings ﴿has known﴾ meaning what was a cause for it from the knowledge of what is in it of the signs that indicate the attributes of perfection of its Creator. ﴿Its prayer﴾ meaning the aspect by which it is connected to its Lord and its relation to Him. ﴿And its glorification﴾ meaning the state by which the Maker is free from deficiency and exalted above it. And the tongues of its states have explicitly stated that, in place of expressing its words. This one is standing still, silent, and this one is growing, shaking, and rising, compelled and subdued. And this one is moving with intention, aiming for the faces of its benefits, and distancing itself from the states of its harms by mere instinct and what is embedded in its nature. And this one is speaking and reasoning, and its intelligence and virtue. Although the relation of each of them to the earth and the heavens is one, there is a clear indication of that in what Imam Ahmad narrated in the Musnad from Abdullah ibn Amr, may Allah be pleased with them, about the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, that Noah, peace be upon him, advised his son at his death with 'There is no deity but Allah. For if the seven heavens and the seven earths were a single ring, they would have been shattered.' And glorified is Allah and praised is He, for it is the prayer of everything, and by it creation is provided.