Commentary
And when the one described by that may have his description limited to some things, he informed that His attributes are encompassing. So He said: ﴿He knows what is before them﴾ meaning the messengers ﴿and what is behind them﴾ meaning His knowledge encompasses what they are aware of and what is hidden from them. They do not do anything except by His permission. For indeed, He traverses between their hands and behind them as a watcher to know that they have conveyed the messages of their Lord, even if the ignorant think otherwise, due to His concealment, glorified and exalted is He, in the causes. So it does not occur in thought at all that the one who is all-encompassing in knowledge of everything, the one who has the power over everything, would leave a messenger from His messengers to himself, so he speaks of something he has not been sent with. Nor that He allows a devil or anyone else to speak on his tongue with something. Rather, each of them is preserved in himself ﴿And he does not speak from [his] desire﴾ [An-Najm: 3] ﴿It is not but a revelation revealed﴾ [An-Najm: 4] preserved from the deception of others ﴿Indeed, We sent down the Reminder, and indeed, We will preserve it﴾ [Al-Hijr: 9] ﴿And to Allah﴾ meaning the one who has no equal, alone ﴿will be returned﴾ meaning with utmost ease by a promise of a decisive matter that must occur ﴿the matters﴾ on the day when it becomes clear for the separation of judgment, so His command will be apparent with no concealment in it. And nothing will occur from the matters except in the form of clear justice for everyone that it is from Him. And no one will have any regard for anyone else. And the one who has this attribute has the right to legislate what he wills, and to abrogate from the legislations what he wills, and to judge by what he desires.
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