Commentary
And when the mention of the rites has preceded, and due to the abundance of disbelievers, it may occur to the soul that their establishment is impossible. And He, glorified and exalted is He, unveiled the obscurity of this question with the verse: "Indeed, Allah defends those who believe" [Al-Hajj: 38] and what follows it. This produced our knowledge of His complete management with His magnificent power, and His all-encompassing knowledge which necessitates the turning of the servants towards Him, and their gathering entirely upon Him. So whoever doubts His ability to manifest His religion by defending His people, or disputes it, then he is ungrateful. He reminded by manifesting the beginning of this address with the end of that address, confirming what he answered regarding that question from the completeness of ability and the comprehensiveness of knowledge, that He is the One who has enabled every people with what they are in of the rites by which life is organized. If it aligns with the divine command, it becomes a cause for eternal life; otherwise, it becomes a cause for perpetual destruction. He, glorified is He, is the One who has established for every people what suits them, because with the change of time by the entrance of night into day over the passage of days and the succession of months and years, due to reasons - for the purpose of testing the servants, and revealing what each of them has hidden in their nature of obedience and disobedience, gratitude and ingratitude - what becomes an action is a benefit by what it necessitates from the reasons after it was a harm, and vice versa, due to His ability over all things and the manifestation of His power as He, the Most High, said at the first mention of abrogation: "Do you not know that Allah is capable of all things?" [Al-Baqarah: 106] The verses indicate that their dispute in it is disbelief. Therefore, He followed this saying without a conjunction for the completeness of the connection between them: "For every community" meaning in every time, "We have made" meaning by virtue of our greatness, "a rite" meaning a law for their gathering upon their Creator where it aligns with His command, and for their gathering upon their desires if it does not align with Him. And from Ibn Jarir, that the origin of the rite in the speech of the Arabs is the place that a person frequents, either for good or for evil. And when it was such that what He intended, glorified is He, was inevitable, He said: "They are its worshippers" meaning they are devoted to it, because we defend against those who oppose them in it until their matter becomes straightened, for their happiness with it or their misery. So whoever doubts our ability to enable them from it is ungrateful. If it aligns with the command, it is profit and faith; and if it contradicts it, it is disbelief and loss.
And when it was decreed to manifest His religion over all religions, and that the disbelievers, despite their multitude, would be defeated after their arrogance in it, He made this known by expressing it in a tone of warning to them with His saying, causing it to be a result of this greatness: ﴿So let them not dispute with you in the matter﴾ (p-89). This means by what the devil casts to them of doubts to argue with it, from their slander against your religion by abrogation with their saying: If it were from Allah, it would not have been commanded today with something and prohibited tomorrow. For it necessitates a beginning, so the matter is not as they claim, but it indicates knowledge of the consequences and complete ability to legislate the schools of thought, and other such doubts as previously indicated. So do not pay attention to them in anything they dispute about, no matter what it is. It has been narrated that this was revealed because of the argument of the disbelievers, Badil ibn Warqa and Bishr ibn Sufyan al-Khuza'i and others regarding the sacrifices, and their saying to the believers: You eat what you have slaughtered and it is from your killing, and you do not eat what Allah has killed - meaning the dead animal.
And when the prohibition of disputing in the truth is for him ﷺ a means of incitement and urging to turn away from them, for they are deserving of that, because their plots are in misleading, and turning towards his matter. And the expression of what has preceded by directing it to them is to emphasize the matter along with indicating his ﷺ exaltedness from confronting them with the prohibition. He then added to it His saying: ﴿And invite﴾, meaning to establish the call for all of creation ﴿to your Lord﴾, meaning the One who has done good to you by sending you, by carrying them upon all that He has commanded you with whenever He commands you. And let not their saying terrify you, for they will certainly be defeated, and do not contemplate an outcome from the outcomes, rather proceed with the matter even if you think (p-90) that it contains destruction, for it is only upon you that. As for organizing matters along the path of righteousness in manifesting the religion and overcoming the obstinate, it is to the One who commanded you with those commands. And perfect the matter in all the deterrents; then He justified that with His saying: ﴿Indeed, you﴾ confirming it for him according to what they have of denial ﴿are certainly on a straight guidance﴾, for it is the foundation of the All-Knowing, the Omnipotent, and indeed His ways are the means of change.
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