Commentary
And when He, glorified and exalted is He, mentioned the pilgrimage that reminds the emigrants of their homelands, the dispute that was revealed during the Battle of Badr, and mentioned what they should do in it of acts of devotion, the longing of the souls for that became immense. They remembered the arrogance of the polytheists who obstruct others from the path of Allah and the Sacred Mosque, their dominance, and their prevention of those who desired these actions, based on these pure attributes and righteous states, and their trial of Him. He, glorified and exalted is He, answered this question with His saying: "Indeed, Allah" - meaning the One who has no equal - "defends those who believe". Because by entering into faith, they were not excessive in treachery or in disbelief, so He loves them. How about the doers of good, to whom the previous verse was concluded? That is, He will grant them victory over their enemies - this is in the reading of Ibn Kathir, Abu Amr, and Ya'qub without an alif. In the reading of the others, it is an exaggeration by expressing the action as a struggle, as if He said: 'Give them good tidings that Allah will defend them.' However, He, the Most High, manifested the attributes so that it may be understood that they are the basis of rulings and expressions. He expressed it in the past tense as encouragement, meaning for everyone who fulfills this description in the external world, He will defend them; then He justified that with His saying: "Indeed, Allah" - meaning the One who has the attributes of perfection - "does not love" - meaning does not honor as the lover does - "every treacherous" in his trust, preventing His servants from His house, which is equal for people, whether they are resident in it or nomadic. "Ungrateful" for His blessings by drawing near to others. He performs acts of moral excellence in a form that has no meaning at all, does not validate it by mentioning Allah alone, nor does it beautify it with kindness. He brought the two attributes in the form of exaggeration because the deficiencies of a person cannot be done without exaggeration. This is because he betrays himself by determination first, and the action second, and others from creation thirdly. Likewise, he betrays himself and his Lord, glorified and exalted is He, and so on in disbelief and other matters. And when treachery is the source of deficiencies, exaggeration in it is more prevalent.
Explore Other Scholars on This Verse
Compare different scholarly perspectives on Surah Al-Hajj verse 38