Commentary
And when he mentioned the two groups and the reward of each, he concluded with mentioning the House. He followed it with a reminder of it and of its pilgrimage, due to what is in it of the reminder of the Resurrection, which is the purpose of the Surah, in what it contains of coming to Allah, along with the detachment from the surroundings, submission to the Lord, and gathering at the sacred sites, standing in a position following a position. And due to what is in it of urging to follow their greatest father, Ibrahim, peace be upon him, he said, reprimanding and admonishing those who associate partners in its benefit, "It was founded upon monotheism from the very first day," referring back to his saying at the beginning of the Surah, "Fear Allah" [Al-Hajj: 1] "And when" meaning, remember when "We settled" by what we have of greatness. And when He did not make it, glorified and exalted is He, a dwelling for Himself, He limited the action from being transitive to its first object, saying: "for Ibrahim," meaning, We appointed for him "the place of the House," meaning the Kaaba, and made it a place of return for him, meaning a home to which one returns, because it is - due to what we have entrusted to it of subtleties - worthy of being returned to by whoever has departed from it and longs for it, and those of his offspring who are distanced may connect to it. From the "place of return" meaning the home, and He settled it for him and appointed it for him, meaning He brought it down for him. He said in the arrangement of the definitive: And it is said: I prepared it and made it accessible for him therein. And it indicates that Ibrahim, peace be upon him, is the first builder of the House as is in the authentic narration: "From Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: I asked, 'O Messenger of Allah! Which mosque was built first?' He said: 'The Sacred Mosque.' I said: 'Then which?' He said: 'The Al-Aqsa Mosque.' I said: 'How long was there between them?' He said: 'Forty years.'" And when Ibrahim, blessings and peace be upon him, was a prophet, it was known that his prophethood was for the sake of worship. So the meaning was: We said to him: Set your family here and come repeatedly to this place for worship. So that is explained by his saying: "That you do not associate anything with Me." He began with the foundation of worship and its head, and he added to the prohibition his saying: "And purify My House" from everything that is not befitting it of physical and moral filth from polytheism and idols and the tawaf of the naked around it, as the Arabs used to do with it "for those who perform tawaf around it." And when the devoutness was advanced, he sufficed from repeating it, saying: "and those who stand," meaning around it in glorification of Me as is done around My Throne, or in prayer, and because the devoutness in standing is closer to the purpose of the Surah. "And those who bow," and when each of tawaf and standing is an act of worship in itself, and bowing and prostration are not like that, he added that and followed this due to the completeness of the connection between them, as neither can be separated from the other in prayer. He said: "the prostrators," meaning the praying ones, the prayer of the people of complete Islam.
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