Tafsir for verse: 21:5
بَلۡ قَالُوٓاْ أَضۡغَٰثُ أَحۡلَٰمِۭ بَلِ ٱفۡتَرَىٰهُ بَلۡ هُوَ شَاعِرٞ فَلۡيَأۡتِنَا بِـَٔايَةٖ كَمَآ أُرۡسِلَ ٱلۡأَوَّلُونَ ٥ ﴿5
5Further they said, “(The Qur’ān is) a mixture of jumble dreams. Rather, he (the prophet) has fabricated it. Rather, he is a poet. So, let him bring a sign to us, as the earlier ones were sent with.”
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Commentary

And when their statements regarding the matter of the Qur'an became confused, and confusion is one of the signs of falsehood, and their description of it as magic is something that terrifies the listener and makes him realize that it is miraculous, it may have led to insight regarding it. He informed that they lowered it from the rank of magic in a manner of confusion and said: ﴿Rather, they said﴾ meaning regarding this wise reminder that it is ﴿a jumble of dreams﴾ meaning the mixtures of a sleeping person whose foundation is falsehood, even if it may sometimes be true in informing about some of the unseen matters which time has revealed to be as the Qur'an has informed. Then they descended from that to a description that necessitates the greatest aversion from it and from the one who has appeared from it, saying: ﴿Rather, he has fabricated it﴾ meaning he intentionally described it from himself and attributed it to Allah.

And when that does not contradict the fact that its content is true in itself, they said: ﴿Rather, he is a poet﴾ meaning he imagines what has no reality like others among the poets. We are waiting for him to meet his end because he is human as has been previously mentioned, so he must die and we will find relief after his death. To him, he alluded in the last of the previous verse: ﴿Say, every one is waiting﴾ [Taha: 135] to its end. Their statements became confused, and they ultimately relied on something close to magic in denying the truth.

And when they described the Qur'an with all of these attributes collectively, saying to each person what they saw as most suitable for him from them, Allah, glorified is He, alerted everyone who has understanding to the falsehood of all of them by their contradiction with the particle of negation, indicating that it was necessary for the one who said it, due to his lack of intellect and absence of modesty, not to transition to a statement from them except after turning away from the one before it. And that which is to be dismissed due to its being an error, what was said was only due to a slip of the tongue and lack of contemplation, covering for his stubbornness and deceiving for his wickedness. And if he had done that, it would have been appropriate for the falsehood to be uncovered merely by the transition, so how about when they are gathered together? And when his attribution to poetry was the weakest of them and the clearest in its falsehood, he did not need to negate it, and they expressed in the jumble by describing the Qur'an to emphasize its defect, and in the fabrication and poetry by describing him ﷺ for that.

And when he produced that for them, according to their claim, as a criticism of the greatest miracles, they caused this criticism to lead to a demand for a sign. They said: "So let him bring us" meaning a proof of his message, "with a sign" meaning that we have clarified by our criticism that the Qur'an is not a sign. Then they imagined the half-truth by their saying: "like" meaning similar to what, and they built the action for the object, indicating that whenever the message is confirmed, that would be, according to their claim, without any exception at all. They said: "The first ones were sent" meaning with signs like the glorification of the mountains, the subjugation of the wind, the gushing forth of water, and the bringing of the dead to life. This is another contradiction in their acknowledgment of the message of the first ones while knowing that they are human, and their denial of his ﷺ message because he is human. They did not feel ashamed, after the contradiction, of being obstinate regarding what he brought them with the splitting of the moon, the glorification of the pebbles, the springing forth of water, and the miraculous Qur'an, despite him being unlettered - among other things.

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