And when He, glorified and exalted is He, began with those whose hearts aligned with their tongues in faith, and He followed with the openly disbelieving among the disbelievers whose declaration matched their secrecy in disbelief, He then mentioned the concealers whose tongues contradicted their hearts in submission, and they are the hypocrites. Their matter is more severe due to the complexity of their conditions and the confusion of their words and actions. The most harmful of enemies is one who shows you friendship while taking you from safety; and how well is what is attributed to Imam Abu Sulaiman al-Khattabi in this meaning:

"Beware of the ignorant as much as you can. Indeed, they, even if they show you affection, are enemies.

And even if among them is one whose actions please you, every delightful taste or most of it is poison."

Certainly, He, glorified and exalted is He, followed up by revealing their secrets and exposing their veils in a comprehensive context for both of them. He condemned their affairs, weakened their intentions, struck examples for them, and elaborated on some points in the discourse. He, exalted is He, said: "And among the people..." meaning when We sent Our Messenger, the people were divided into two groups: believer and disbeliever. The disbelievers were divided into two groups: among them were those who openly declared, saying: 'We will never believe,' and among them were those who say, and perhaps they showed it, and did not conceal it; due to their distinction from the openly disbelieving regarding some rulings, or because He, glorified and exalted is He, when He mentioned the two sides of faith and disbelief and the conditions of the believers and the conditions of those who disbelieved, He mentioned the hypocrites who wavered between the two characteristics by using the term 'people' to reveal the meaning of 'movement' in them due to their instability between the two states. This is because 'movement' is the motion of something light hanging in the air like a suspended thread that has nothing at its lower end to weigh it down, so it continues to be unstable between two directions. This meaning did not appear in the two groups due to their bias towards one side. Al-Harali said this, and he defined for the genus or for the specific group among those who disbelieved because they are a type of them, and the secret of the revelation is the place of the concealment regarding what has preceded.

"We have believed in Allah" means alone with what He has of majesty and beauty, being mindful of that. And when they were suspected, they confirmed by repeating the conjunction, so they said: "And in the Last Day" which the openly disbelievers denied.

"And they are not believers" means not deeply rooted in faith as they claimed by mentioning the greatest name and repeating the conjunction. Perhaps He negated the deep-rootedness only because among them was one who was shaken at the time of this statement, not firmly established in disbelief, and believed after that. He omitted the connection of faith to generalize the negation from them regarding what they mentioned and others. He gathered here and singled out in "saying" to indicate the generality of disbelief for them like the first ones, and the few among them who allow this statement indicates their harshness and severity of their wandering in disbelief and their strength.

And in mentioning their story and condemning their conditions, there is a reminder of the necessity of sincerity and an encouragement to strive for purity from impurities in seeking guidance to the straight path.

And the classification of people at the end of Al-Fatiha is three types: the guided, the obstinate, and the misguided. This is similar to their classification at the beginning of Al-Baqarah into three: the righteous, the openly disbelieving, who are the obstinate, and the misguided, who are the hypocrites. Their summary in Al-Fatiha and their detailing here is from the novel styles, and it is the habit of the Great Qur'an: summary followed by detail.

Ibn Ishaq has named many of the hypocrites in the noble biography in the early reports after the Hijrah. Ibn Hisham said in summarizing that: Among those who joined the Jews were those named to us from the hypocrites of Aws and Khazraj; from Aws: Zuwaiy ibn Al-Harith, and Bijad ibn Uthman ibn Amir, and Nabtal ibn Al-Harith, who was the one to whom the Messenger of Allah blessings and peace be upon him said: "Whoever wishes to look at the devil, let him look at Nabtal!" He would come to the Messenger of Allah blessings and peace be upon him to talk to him, then he would convey his words to the hypocrites. He was the one who said: "Indeed, Muhammad is just an ear." And Abbad ibn Hunayf, the brother of Sahl, and Amr ibn Khidham, and Abdullah ibn Nabtal, and Bahzaj, who was among those who built the Mosque of Dhirar, and also Jariyah ibn Amir ibn Al-Attaf, and his son Zayd, and Khidham ibn Khalid, who was the one who expelled the Mosque of Dhirar from his house, and Mirba' ibn Qaythi, who said to the Messenger of Allah blessings and peace be upon him while heading to Uhud: "I do not permit you, O Muhammad, if you are a prophet, to pass through my gardens!" The Muslims rushed to kill him, but the Prophet blessings and peace be upon him forbade them and said: "This blind man is blind of heart and blind of sight." And his brother Aws ibn Qaythi, who said on the day of the trench: "Indeed, our houses are exposed." And Hatib ibn Umayyah ibn Rafi' was a large elder who had been a leader in the days of ignorance, and his son Yazid was among the best of the Muslims. He was killed, may Allah be pleased with him, on the day of Uhud, and his father said to the one who gave him the glad tidings of Paradise: "You have deceived this poor man about himself!" And Bushayr ibn Ubayriq, Abu Tu'aymah - and in one version: Tu'mah - he was the thief of the two shields concerning whom Allah revealed: "And do not argue on behalf of those who deceive themselves" [An-Nisa: 107]. And Qazman, a client of theirs, excelled in fighting on the day of Uhud. The Messenger of Allah blessings and peace be upon him used to say: "Indeed, he is from the people of the Fire." He was wounded and was given the glad tidings of Paradise, and he said: "By Allah, I fought only out of pride for my people!" When his wounds became severe, he cut the tendons of his hand, and he died.

And among the Khazraj: Rafi' ibn Wadi'ah, Zayd ibn Amr, Amru ibn Qais, Qais ibn Amr ibn Sahl, and Al-Jadd ibn Qais, who said: "Grant me permission and do not tempt me" [At-Tawbah: 49]. And Abdullah ibn Ubayy, the leader of the hypocrites, to whom they would gather (p-105). He is the one who said: "The honorable will surely expel the lowly from it" [Al-Munafiqun: 8]. And concerning him and Wadi'ah Al-Awfi, and Malik ibn Abi Qawqal, and Suwayd and Da'is - they are from his group - the verse was revealed: "Have you not seen those who have disbelieved among the People of the Scripture and the polytheists?" [Al-Hashr: 11], as a narration of what they were secretly conveying to Banu Al-Nadir when the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, besieged them, so Allah spoke the truth and they lied.

And among those who sought refuge in Islam and displayed it while being a hypocrite from the scholars of the Jews from Banu Qaynuqa was Sa'd ibn Hunayf and Zayd ibn Al-Lusayt, who said during the Battle of Tabuk: "Muhammad claims that news from the heavens comes to him while he does not know where his camel is!" So Allah informed him of his words and the location of the camel. And Nu'ayman ibn Awfa ibn Amr, and Uthman ibn Awfa, and Rafi' ibn Huraymila, who the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said to when he died: "Today, a great one among the great hypocrites has died." And Rifa'ah ibn Zayd ibn At-Tabut, who the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said to when that wind blew while he was returning from the Battle of Banu Al-Mustaliq: "Do not be afraid, it has only blown for the death of a great one among the great hypocrites." And Silsilah ibn Barham, and Kinana ibn Suriyah - these were among the hypocrites and those who inclined towards them, attending the mosque to hear the discussions of the Muslims, mocking them and ridiculing their religion. This is the end. And in it is a summary, so Allah, the Exalted, revealed these verses about them.