Tafsir for verse: 18:18
وَتَحۡسَبُهُمۡ أَيۡقَاظٗا وَهُمۡ رُقُودٞۚ وَنُقَلِّبُهُمۡ ذَاتَ ٱلۡيَمِينِ وَذَاتَ ٱلشِّمَالِۖ وَكَلۡبُهُم بَٰسِطٞ ذِرَاعَيۡهِ بِٱلۡوَصِيدِۚ لَوِ ٱطَّلَعۡتَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ لَوَلَّيۡتَ مِنۡهُمۡ فِرَارٗا وَلَمُلِئۡتَ مِنۡهُمۡ رُعۡبٗا ١٨ ﴿18
18And you would think they were awake while they were asleep. We turned them on their sides, right and left. And their dog had its forelegs stretched out to the doorstep. If you had a look at them, you would have fled away from them and would have been filled with awe of them.
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Commentary

And when He, glorified and exalted is He, made this notification as a consolation for the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him and his family, and as a confirmation that he should not distress himself, He turned to what remained of their matter. He said: "And you think they are awake" due to the opening of their eyes to the air so that it may last longer for them, and due to their many movements. "While they are asleep, and We turn them" with Our greatness while they are in their sleep, turning them frequently according to what benefits them, just as the sleeper is turned. "On their right side" from them and "on their left side" so that the gentle breeze may reach all their bodies, and what is near the ground of them is not affected by the length of their stay. "And their dog is stretching" and the use of this active participle is because it does not mean the past, but it is a narration of a past state. He said: "His forelegs at the threshold" meaning at the door of the cave and its courtyard, as is the habit of dogs. The mention of this dog will remain for ages due to the beauty of this sleep from the blessing of the companionship of the noble ones.

And when this was enticing to see them, it was connected to what would deter him from them by His saying, exalted is He: "If you had looked at them" while they were in that state, "you would have turned away from them in flight" meaning at the moment your gaze fell upon them, "and you would have been filled" in the least time with the easiest matter "with fear of them" due to what Allah has clothed them with of awe, and He has made for them of majesty, and a management from Him for what He intended from them.

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