Commentary
And when the singular noun that is defined by the definite article encompasses; this perhaps necessitated from some of the obstinate ones an objection to say: We see some people, when given, they are grateful; and when tested, they are patient; and this objection is invalid; it should not be taken into account; as for the first, because the answer to it has already been given in Surah 'Yunus' - peace be upon him - in His saying (the Most High): ﴿Thus was it adorned for the extravagant what they were doing﴾ [Yunus: 12]; that this is concerning the extravagant, not others; and in His saying (the Most High) - in Surah 'Hud' - peace be upon him -: ﴿Except for those who are patient﴾ [Hud: 11]; and perhaps He omitted it in this context; indicating that due to the fewness of its individuals, it is as if it does not exist; and as for the second, because the noun defined by the definite article; whether it is singular or plural; is in the strength of the particular; until there comes what indicates that it is universal; and for that reason, He (the Most High) turned away from it; and commanded it to respond about the two categories; referred to; and explicitly stated; so He said (the Most High): ﴿Say﴾; meaning: O most noble of our creation; ﴿Everyone﴾; from the grateful; and the ungrateful; ﴿Acts according to his kind﴾ (p-500); meaning: his way that corresponds to his spirit; and corresponds to what We have instilled in him; of good or evil; ﴿So your Lord﴾; meaning: thus it results that the One who created you; and elevated you through the stages of growth; is none other than Him; ﴿Knows﴾; absolutely; ﴿Who is﴾ among you; ﴿Better guided on a way﴾; meaning: more guided; and more upright; in terms of the doctrine; by His piety; and His goodness; so he is grateful; and is patient with expectation; so He will give him the reward; and who is more astray; then punishment befalls him; because He knows what He has instilled in them in the essence of creation; and what He has ingrained in them of characteristics; and others only know the affairs of people in their ways through experience; and Imam Ahmad narrated - but with an interrupted chain - from Abu Darda - may Allah be pleased with him - that the Prophet - blessings and peace be upon him - said: "If you hear of a mountain moving from its place, then believe it; and if you hear of a man changing from his character, then do not believe it; for he will return to what he was created upon."; all of this is the turning away from action; and although we are committed to the fact that it is universal; and Allah knows best who is guided and protects him from turning away and despair; by acting according to what he is capable of.
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