Tafsir for verse: 17:73
وَإِن كَادُواْ لَيَفۡتِنُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَيۡكَ لِتَفۡتَرِيَ عَلَيۡنَا غَيۡرَهُۥۖ وَإِذٗا لَّٱتَّخَذُوكَ خَلِيلٗا ٧٣ ﴿73
73(O Prophet,) Surely, they were about to lure you away from what We have revealed to you, so that you forge something else against Us, and in that case they would have certainly made you a bosom friend.
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Commentary

And when he established that whoever leaves the path of guidance is like the blind; and whoever follows it is like the seeing; he followed his evidence; and he said - warning the seeing against being deceived by the whispers of the wretched -: "And if"; meaning: and most of these are blind; they have been deceived within themselves by their desires; while we have clarified the path of guidance; by what We have revealed to you of this wisdom; until it became clearer than the sun; and indeed the enemies; "were about to"; meaning: they nearly approached in this worldly life; due to their blindness within themselves from the protection of Allah for you; because of their blindness to what you were created with of intelligence; and the goodness of nature; and the sharpness of wit; and the gaps of understanding; and the distance of the aim in standing against the deception of the deceivers; and the cunning of the schemers; for the clarity of the subtleties in the mirror of your polished heart; and the clear thought of yours; and when "if" is lightened from the heavy; the distinguishing letter was brought between it and the negation; and He said (the Exalted): "They will surely tempt you"; meaning: they will mix with you with a mixture of ownership; towards their intention; with their abundant deception; by enticing you to agree with what they know of the apparent worldly life; "about that which We have revealed"; meaning: by what We have of greatness; "to you"; of wisdom; "to fabricate"; meaning: to cut intentionally; "against Us"; regarding Our greatness; "other than it"; from the expulsion of those to whom We have commanded you to be patient with them; hoping from them for the Islam of one whose Islam is hoped to lead to the Islam of a great multitude of them; for his honor; and similar to that; of what Allah - glorified and exalted is He - meant; and He knows best what He intends; Al-Rummani said: And the origin of temptation is what is sought for the salvation of a thing from what it has mixed with; "And if"; meaning: if you inclined towards them; "they would take you"; meaning: with the utmost desire; "as a close friend"; and whoever is a close friend of the disbelievers; he is not a close friend of Allah; but you have seen your guidance; so you adhered to the command of Allah; and they continued in their blindness; completing our preference for you over every creature; and it has been previously mentioned what the root of "fara" revolves around; and that it means spaciousness; and what remains of its forms is the yai and the hamz; so the meaning of "I split the leather" is: I tore it; whether it is corrupt or good; because it expands by that; Al-Qazzaz said: "Fary" is the source of "I split the leather"; if I tore it for repair; and "I split it"; if I tore it for corruption; as if its hamza is for removal; and Abu Ubaidah narrated: "I split the thing"; and "I split it": I cut it; and "I split the lie"; and "he fabricated it": he invented it; because it is an expansion in speech; and an addition to what is sufficient from truth; and a transgression of the limit; and "I created the increase": he made it; and fashioned it; and Al-Qazzaz said: he embroidered it; because it encompasses what it did not encompass before the embroidery; he said: and the origin of "fary" is the split; meaning: and the embroidery occurs in the split; so the relationship is the place; and "I split the earth": I traversed it and cut it; likening it to the leather; and "farya"; like "radiya": he was confused and astonished; from the naming by the name of the cause; because the cause of astonishment is abundance and greatness in the perceived; and "I made it right": I repaired it; or commanded its repair; because repair is spaciousness in relation to corruption; and "I reproached so-and-so": I blamed him; because it necessitates an increase in speech for what the blamed one argues with; and "the faryah": the commotion; because it is an increase over the usual speech; and in the broken form: the lie; and like "ghani": the fabricated matter that is made; or the great; and the spaciousness of the buckets; like "the faryah"; and the milk at the time of milking; due to the height of the foam; and "the thing split": it was torn; and "the eye": it burst forth; and "he splits the fary": like "ghani": he brings forth wonder in his action.

And Al-Qazzaz said: "I left so-and-so cutting; and he is sharp in the matter; and so-and-so has been cutting since today; if he comes with amazement; because nothing amazes except what exceeds sufficiency."

And "Al-Rufah": is straw; because it is what is left over from grain; and "Al-Rufah": is a creature that hunts; it is called the earth's lamb; because its condition is broader than that of what does not hunt; this was mentioned by the author of Mukhtasar Al-Ayn; in the weak form with the 'ya'; its weight is "Thubah"; and the author of Al-Qamus mentioned it in the weak form with the 'ha'; and he said regarding its meaning of straw: it is like "Surad"; then he mentioned it in the weak form with the 'waw' in "Warafa"; and he said: "Al-Rufah" is like "Thubah": straw; so his words were confused; thus it is necessary to accept the Mukhtasar of Al-Ayn; but Imam Abu Ghalib Ibn Al-Tayyani - who is one to whom he submits - mentioned it in his book "Al-Mu'ab"; in the inverted form of "Rahafa"; he said - attributing it to the book of Al-Ayn - what its text is: "Al-Rufah": straw; others said: and it is said in a proverb: the little one is independent of the straw; and "the little one": is the earth's lamb; and it is a creature like a wicked fox; it hunts everything; and that is because it eats nothing but meat; Abu Hanifah is like him; all of it ends with its letters; and the author of Al-Qamus said in the weak form: and "the little one"; was mentioned in "Tafaf"; and he said in the 'ha': and "the little one"; is like "Thubah": the earth's lamb; and he said in the 'fa': and "the little one"; is like "Quffah": a creature like a puppy; or like a mouse; and "the little one is independent of the straw"; and they are both lightened; it is a proverb for the miser when he is full; perhaps this difference is dialects; and Allah knows best.

He said in the Mukhtasar of Al-Ayn: and "Al-Urfiyy"; is like "Kurkayy": pure good milk; for its abundance is like that which is deep; the Mukhtasar made it with 'ya'; and Al-Qamus made it with 'waw'; then he repeated it in the hamzated form; and he said: and "Al-Urfiyy"; is like "Qumriy": pure milk; and Al-Qazzaz mentioned in the 'ya': "I accompanied the man; I accompany him in companionship"; if I agreed with him; because that is broader in companionship; and "Al-Rif"; with kasra: is fertility; and he said in Al-Qamus: "A land in which there is cultivation and fertility; and the abundance in food and drink; and what is near to water from the land of the Arabs; or where there are greens, waters, and crops; and "The Bedouin came to the Rif"; and "Al-Raf": is wine; and it is only from abundance; and "A fertile land" is like "Kayyisa": fertile; and "The land has become fertile".

And from the hamz (the letter with a hamzah): "Rafa' as-safīnah"; like "mana'a"; and "arfa'ahā": brought it closer to the shore; for the spaciousness of those in it by land; and in relation to it, it will be for the removal; and the place is "marfa'"; and it is combined; and "rafa'a baynahum": reconciled; and "arfa'a"; inclined; and combed; and brought near; and lowered; and favored; and turned; like "rafa'a"; and to it he took refuge; and "tarāfa'ū": they agreed; and they conspired; and "al-yarfā'ī": like "al-yalmā'ī": the shepherd of sheep; and the dhaleem (a type of deer) that flees; and the dhaby (a type of deer) that runs away; and the heart that is seized by fear; as if it is likened to the dhaleem in the spaciousness of its movement; and the lack of its stability; and that is also similar to the boiling of the pot; in exceeding the limit; and "raffa'tu al-‘arūsata tarfī'atan; wa tarfī'an": it advanced in the wawī; and "ar-ra'fu": wine; and the merciful man; or ar-ra'fa: the greatest mercy; or the most delicate of it; and there is no doubt in the inclusion of that in spaciousness; and "ra'fa": a place; or a sandbank; and perhaps they are both spacious; and "al-far'a": like "jabal"; and "sahāb": the wild donkey; or the young one of it; due to its extreme fleeing; like the pot in its boiling; and "amrun farī'": like "farī"; and "kullu as-sayd fi jawfi al-farā": meaning: all of it is beneath it; and "far'a"; with a vowel: an island in Yemen; perhaps it is abundant there; and "al-fār": known; and the singular is "fārah"; and the plural is "fi'ran"; it is named for its jumping in its running; and because it is spacious among the insects in its movement; by walking on walls; and ceilings; and the like; and "al-fārah": a tree; and the fragrant musk; he said in al-Qāmūs: or the correct one is the mention of "fārat al-misk"; in "f w r"; for the boiling of its scent; or it is permissible to hamzah it; because it is in the form of al-fārah; and "fa'ar": like "mana'a": dug; and hid; and buried; it may be from spaciousness; and from its removal; and "labanun fa'ir": like "katif": the fārah fell into it; and "ardun fa'irah; wa maf'arah": abundant in fār; and "afarat al-qidr - with a fatha -; ta'firu afran": its boiling intensified; and "al-insān": leaped; and ran; and "al-ba'īr": became active; and gained weight; after effort; like "afira" - like "fariha" -; in both of them; and became light in service; and that which moves before the person and serves him is "mi'far"; and "al-ufurrah"; with two dhammas; and the emphasis of the raa: the group - and he restricted it in the summary of al-‘Ayn with "dhātu al-jalabah" -; and the calamity; and the mixing; and all of that is clear in spaciousness; and the increase beyond sufficiency; and "al-ufurrah"; also: the intensity of evil; due to the intensity of its boiling; like the pot; and the intensity of winter; or the absolute intensity; and "min as-sayf": its beginning; because it expands with it; he said in al-Qāmūs: and its beginning is opened and it is moved in all; and "al-urfah"; with a dhamma: the limit between the two lands; and the knot; and as if this is the removal of spaciousness; and "al-urfī": like "qumrī": the one who sweeps; and "urifa 'ala al-ardhi ta'rīfan": boundaries were made for it; and it was divided; and "ta'rīfu al-habl": its knot; and "huwa mu'ārifī": its limit to my limit; in residence and place; and Allah is the Grantor of success.

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