Commentary
And when this was specific to oaths, He followed it with the prohibition against betrayal in all covenants, emphasizing after emphasis, to indicate the great breach. So He said (glorified and exalted is He): ﴿And do not exchange﴾; meaning: do not burden yourselves with obstinacy; and neglect considering the consequences of taking and replacing; ﴿the covenant of Allah﴾; meaning: that which has complete perfection; ﴿for a small price﴾; meaning: of the worldly gains; even if you see it as much. Then He explained its insignificance by saying (glorified and exalted is He): ﴿Indeed, what is with Allah﴾; meaning: that which has majesty and honor; from the reward of the two abodes; ﴿is better for you﴾; and no one turns away from good to what is less than it except for one who is deficient in intellect. Then He conditioned the knowledge of its goodness by their being among the people of knowledge; so He said (glorified and exalted is He): ﴿If you know﴾; meaning: with your innate nature; ﴿that you know﴾; meaning: from whom knowledge is renewed for him; and you are not among the count of animals. Thus, the comprehensive covenant for oaths began in these verses with the command to fulfill it, and it was sealed with the prohibition against breaching it. The oaths, which are more specific than it, are a middle ground between the command and the prohibition related to it. Thus, the encouragement towards them became of the utmost emphasis and a great rank of confirmation.
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