Commentary
Then he described them by saying: "Those who make with Allah"; meaning: with what they have seen of His signs that indicate His majesty, and His great encompassing, and His perfection; "a deity"; and since the companionship implies otherness, especially with the expression of making; and it may be that one of them, who is obstinate, might take the threat of His divinity - glorified and exalted is He - in the sense of abstraction; or by calling Him by a name other than the name of majesty; for what the interpreters have mentioned in His saying: "Say, 'Call upon Allah or call upon the Most Merciful'" [Al-Isra: 110]; the verse; the last "glorified"; added in clarity by negating the completeness of every possibility, by His saying: "another"; Al-Baghawi said: Ibn Abbas - may Allah be pleased with them both - said: "The Messenger of Allah - blessings and peace be upon him - prostrated in Mecca one night and kept saying in his prostration: 'O Allah; O Most Merciful'; then Abu Jahl said: 'Indeed, Muhammad forbids us from our deities while he calls upon two deities'; so Allah revealed this verse; meaning the verse of 'glorified';" and it resulted from our taking the mockers - who were the most obstinate among them - that the remaining ones would be threatened by our saying: "So they will soon know"; meaning: His knowledge encompasses the severity of our might and our power over what we want; to be a deterrent for others; or the mockers and others will know the outcome of their affairs in both abodes.
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