Tafsir for verse: 13:9
عَٰلِمُ ٱلۡغَيۡبِ وَٱلشَّهَٰدَةِ ٱلۡكَبِيرُ ٱلۡمُتَعَالِ ٩ ﴿9
9He is the Knower of the hidden and the manifest. He is the Great, the High.
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Commentary

And when this was a defect, and his knowledge necessitated the knowledge of the unseen, and since the declaration has an undeniable merit, he declared it in a comprehensive manner that encompasses those details and others, saying: "The Knower of the Unseen" and that which is hidden from every creature, "and the Witness". Al-Rummani said: The unseen is the state of something being hidden from the senses, and the witness is the state of it being apparent to him.

And when knowledge and wisdom cannot be complete except with the perfection of power and greatness, he said: "The Great" [meaning] the One before whom everything that has attributes requiring greatness diminishes. Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Harali said: And greatness is the manifestation of disparity in the apparent and manifest worth that does not require thought. Therefore, it is innate for creation to acknowledge that Allah is the Greatest. And when there is no apparent worth for creation due to what is upon them from the evident necessities and declared needs that are small in worth, whoever among them attempts to elevate himself through force or domination and corruption increases his smallness in the eyes of the possessors of insight in this world. And this becomes apparent to all creatures in the Hereafter: "The arrogant will be gathered on the Day of Resurrection like ants, trampled by people with their feet." Thus, the exclusivity of the meaning that there is no greatness except for Allah - has ended.

"The Exalted" [meaning] the One who does not draw near - from the peaks of His exaltation in essence, attribute, or action - is high. And it was expressed in the form of interaction to be more indicative of the meaning and more eloquent in it. Abu al-Hasan al-Harali, may Allah have mercy on him, said: And exaltation is to prevent access and attainment by a ruling or evidence, and the interaction indicates what occurs from the delusions of the disputants regarding Him with false arguments. "Their argument is void before their Lord" [Ash-Shura: 16]. So He, the Exalted, permits argumentation and debate, then He is exalted by what He has of the conclusive evidence ["Say: To Allah belongs the conclusive evidence" [Al-An'am: 149]]. So He is the Exalted in knowledge, ruling, and evidence, and the reality of the Exalted is that there is none exalted except Him - has ended.

And the conclusion is that when He described Himself with what has preceded, He indicated that this is according to what the minds can bear, and that the truth in His description is absolute greatness and absolute exaltation, because minds cannot comprehend more than that.

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