And when what he intended from the signs of the heavens was completed, he followed with what he followed in the verse of Yusuf from the indications. He said: ﴿And He﴾ meaning alone ﴿is the One who spread the earth﴾ and if He willed, He could have made it like a wall or a ceiling, where one cannot settle upon it. And this does not contradict that it is a sphere, because when the sphere is large, every piece of it is seen as a surface, just as the mountains are pegs and the animals settle upon them. ﴿And He made in it﴾ mountains with their heights ﴿as stabilizers﴾ meaning firm ones. One of them is a stabilizer, meaning it is fixed and remains in its place without moving from its location; it does not move what it is stabilizing in. And when He dominated over the mountains and described them as stabilizers, the description became sufficient for the described, so it was gathered in the plural form like wall and shoulder - this was said by Abu Hayyan. And since the nature of the earth is one, the existence of a mountain on one side of it without another and the presence of different minerals in it sometimes as a gem, sometimes as a raw material, sometimes as petroleum, and sometimes as sulfur - and so on, is evidence of His, exalted is He, specificity with complete power and choice. For the mountain is one in nature just as the effect of the sun is one. He, exalted is He, said: ﴿And rivers﴾ meaning He made in it flowing [from it]. Most often, rivers come from the mountains, because they are solid high bodies. And in the depths of the earth, there is vapor that rises. That vapor, which is formed in the depths of the earth, continues to rise until it reaches it and is trapped in it. It continues to accumulate until its density increases. When it cools, it becomes water, and as a result, there are many waters, just as the accumulating vapor condenses in the tops of the baths when it cools and drips. When the condensation of that water is complete and it increases, it breaks through the bottoms of the mountains or other places that are weakened by its strength and the strength of the accompanying vapor. If those waters have a source from the causes and receptacles, whereby whenever something springs from it, something occurs immediately after it, and so on in succession, it is the river. The river is the wide channel of the water flows, and its origin is expansion, and from it is the day - for the expansion of its light.

And when He mentioned the rivers, He mentioned what arises from the waters. He said: ﴿And from every fruit﴾. It is permissible that this relates to what came before it. Then it is as if it were said: Who benefits from these things? It was said: ﴿He made in it﴾ meaning the earth ﴿two pairs﴾, male and female from every kind of animal that benefits from it. It is also permissible that this relates to what comes after it, and the meaning would be: And He made in it from every fruit two pairs, male and female, the female benefiting from its mating with the male, or it is brought close to it so that its fruit is good. And the fruit is the food of the tree, and the pair is a form that has a counterpart of a similar or opposite kind. It is as if it were said: What ripens it? It was said: ﴿He covers the night with the day﴾, meaning and the day with the night. This one ripens with its heat, and this one holds back with its cold. Their actions are balanced according to what He, the Exalted, has decreed for them in their course of increase and decrease for heat and cold for the production and ripening, among other beneficial wisdoms in religion and the worldly life, evident to every person of reason that it is by His management through His action and choice and His power.

And when He, glorified is He, presented these verses in detail to four, and there was precision in them, He gathered them and connected them to thought. He said: ﴿Indeed, in that﴾ meaning what has been mentioned from the verses, is a mutual indication ﴿are signs﴾, meaning clear, astonishing, and manifest indications that all of that is based on His power and choice. He pointed out that the situation requires effort by purifying the soul from desires and enforcing reason solely by His saying: ﴿For a people﴾ meaning those with strength exceeding in what they attempt ﴿who reflect﴾, meaning they strive in thought. Al-Rummani said: It is the movement of the heart in seeking meaning, and the origin of that is a meaning that Allah, the Exalted, brings to the mind of a person, so he seeks its related matters that clarify it from every aspect in which it is possible. The conclusion with reflection is an indication of the importance of giving the situation its due in responding to the philosophers, for they attribute the occurrences of the lower world to the differences occurring in the cosmic forms. This is a fallacious statement for whoever reflects on what He, glorified is He, has established in the previous verse of His negation of [its occurrences] that He, glorified is He, is the One who created all things from nothing, then began managing them. Thus, the specification of every [thing] from the celestial bodies with a nature, attribute, and characteristic is indeed by the specification of the Wise, Active Manager by choice. Therefore, the existence of the lower occurrences, if it is assumed that it is affected by the higher occurrences, is indeed based on it in consideration of causality, and the cause and the caused are dependent on the ancient, wise Creator.