Tafsir for verse: 12:107
أَفَأَمِنُوٓاْ أَن تَأۡتِيَهُمۡ غَٰشِيَةٞ مِّنۡ عَذَابِ ٱللَّهِ أَوۡ تَأۡتِيَهُمُ ٱلسَّاعَةُ بَغۡتَةٗ وَهُمۡ لَا يَشۡعُرُونَ ١٠٧ ﴿107
107Do they feel themselves secure from the visit of Allah’s encircling punishment or from the sudden arrival of the Hour, while they are not conscious of it?
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Commentary

And when Allah, the Exalted, informed about their confusion in their associating partners, and that they are blind to the evidence in this world, and the majority is ambiguous in the decisive judgment of their disbelief from the direction of command, prohibition, encouragement, and deterrence to all, while they are in their ignorance, and some people are like a donkey that does not submit except by punishment. Allah, glorified and exalted is He, said: ﴿Do they feel secure﴾, in denial of it, meaning the reproach and warning ﴿that a covering should come upon them﴾, meaning something that covers them, overwhelms them, and surrounds them ﴿from the punishment of Allah﴾, meaning that which has all authority in this world, just as it has come from our mention of their stories from the nations.

And when the rational person should be cautious of every possible occurrence, even if it does not bring him closer, Allah, the Exalted, said: ﴿Or will the Hour come upon them﴾ and pointed to the most severe of that upon the hearts by His saying: ﴿suddenly﴾, meaning while they are in the utmost heedlessness, without expecting it at all; Al-Rummani said: Yazid ibn Muqsam Al-Thaqafi said:

But they departed and I did not know suddenly, and the most terrifying thing is when they suddenly confront you.

And when this meaning is terrifying, Allah confirmed it by saying: ﴿and they do not perceive﴾, meaning a type of perception, even if it is like a hair, informing of the intensity of their ignorance in that their state is like that of one who is in utmost security from what is least of his conditions that it is possible, because perception is the understanding of something by what is subtle, like the thinness of a hair. And I said: It is a confirmation, because it is the meaning of suddenness; Imam Abu Bakr Al-Zubaidi said in the summary of Al-Ayn: Suddenness: the surprise. And Imam Abu Abdullah Al-Qazzaz said in his diwan: I surprised the man with a surprise - if I came to him unexpectedly, then he said: And I surprised him with a surprise - if I met him and he did not perceive you. And in the arrangement of the decisive: The matter came upon him [and it surprised him] suddenly: it attacked him without him being aware of it, and this necessitates swiftness, which is the essence of this material, because it also necessitates dirt - by advancing the second letter with a movement, which is destruction, because it is the closest thing to a person since it is the origin in the state of an event, and safety in it is the wonder. And dirt also means filth and impurity, and to be dirty - with the breaking of the ghain: it became defective in it, and it is said for drought: tighbah - with the movement, and the tighb - in the state: the ugly and the suspicion. All of that is quicker to a person than its opposites except for whom Allah has protected, and that is only because this abode is built upon it.

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