Tafsir for verse: 12:101
۞ رَبِّ قَدۡ ءَاتَيۡتَنِي مِنَ ٱلۡمُلۡكِ وَعَلَّمۡتَنِي مِن تَأۡوِيلِ ٱلۡأَحَادِيثِۚ فَاطِرَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَنتَ وَلِيِّۦ فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَٱلۡأٓخِرَةِۖ تَوَفَّنِي مُسۡلِمٗا وَأَلۡحِقۡنِي بِٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ ١٠١ ﴿101
101“My Lord, You have given me power to rule and the knowledge of interpreting events. O Creator of the heavens and the Earth, You are my guardian in this world and the Hereafter. Make me die a Muslim and make me join the righteous.”
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Commentary

And when he mentioned these two attributes, he remembered what had happened to him because of them from the causes. The state of witnessing prevailed over him, and his soul became more detached from the world. He said, addressing: "My Lord, You have given me" and he began with "You have" because the state is one of the expectation of the listener for the explanation of the outcome of the vision. "Of the kingdom" means some of it is very far from me, and this is the meaning of his spirit being complete in ability. "And You have taught me" and he limited his supplication in humility by mentioning the preposition, saying: "Of the interpretation of the narratives" according to what my father had given me glad tidings of and what I informed you of regarding empowerment and teaching before your words. And Allah is dominant over His affair; then he called upon Him with a description that encompasses knowledge and wisdom, saying: "Creator of the heavens and the earth." Then he informed him of what He knows better than him, that he does not rely on anyone else in anything. He said: "You are my protector," meaning the closest to me, inwardly and outwardly, "in this world and the Hereafter." There is no protector for me other than You. The protector does what is best and most righteous for his lord, so the best You have done for me in the Hereafter is greater than what You have done for me in this world.

And when his turning to Allah cannot be completed except by Allah turning to him, he followed it with what benefits him, saying: "Take my soul" meaning: take my spirit fully complete in all my affairs, in both senses, while I am in a state of being "submitting." And when the true Muslim is one who is deeply rooted in sincerity, he confirmed it by saying: "And join me with the righteous." So Allah took him as he asked; they said: And the people of Egypt disputed over him, each hoping that he would be buried in their place, hoping for his blessing. Then they agreed to make for him a tomb of marble and buried him in the middle of the Nile, so that the water would spread over all the land, and it would receive his blessing and all of it would be fertilized equally, and they would all be equal in the water.

He mentioned what remained of the story from the Torah:

He said after some time had passed: So Yusuf could not bear patience - meaning he could not be gentle with his brothers - so he ordered that all those who were with him be brought out. No one remained with him when Yusuf appeared to his brothers. He raised his voice and cried until the Egyptians heard him, and they informed the family of Pharaoh. Yusuf said to his brothers: I am your brother Yusuf. Is my father still alive? His brothers could not respond to him because they were afraid of him. Yusuf said to his brothers: Come closer to me. So they came closer, and he said to them: I am Yusuf, whom you sold to those who came to Egypt. And now do not grieve, and do not let that distress you, nor let your selling me to here weigh heavily upon you. For indeed Allah sent me before you to prepare for you provisions, for there has been famine in the land for two years, and there will come five other years in which there will be no planting or harvesting. So my Lord sent me before you to ensure your survival in the land and to save you, so that you may live and rejoice on the earth. And now, it is not you who sent me here, but Allah sent me, and He made me a father to Pharaoh and a lord to all the people of his household, and a ruler over all the land of Egypt. So now go to your flocks and say to him: Thus says your son Yusuf: Indeed Allah has made me a lord over all the people of Egypt, so come down to me and do not delay. And come down to the land of Goshen - and in another version: Khashan - and be near to me, you and your children and your household, and your aunt and your cattle and all your possessions, so that I may provide for you there. For there are still five years of famine remaining, lest you and your household and all that you have perish. And these are your eyes that see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin. Indeed, I speak to you face to face. And inform my father of all my honor and dignity in the land of Egypt, and of all that you have seen. And hurry and bring my father down to me. Then Benjamin also embraced his brother and cried, and all his brothers embraced him and cried. After that, his brothers spoke to him. This reached Pharaoh, and it was said to him: Indeed, the brothers of Yusuf have come to him. This pleased Pharaoh and his servants - and in another version: and all his leaders. Pharaoh said to Yusuf: Tell your brothers to do this: Load your animals with provisions, and go back to the land of Canaan, and bring your father and your households and come to me. I will give you the best of the land of Egypt and you will eat the fat of the land. And this is what you are commanded to do: Take wagons from the land of Egypt for your little ones and your wives, and bring your father and come. And do not be concerned about your possessions, for the best of all the land of Egypt is yours. So the sons of Israel did as Pharaoh commanded, and Yusuf gave them wagons as Pharaoh had ordered, and he provided them with all the supplies for the journey. And he gave each one of them a change of clothes, but to Benjamin he gave three hundred silver coins - and in another version: a weight of silver - and he gave him five changes of clothes. And he sent to his father the same as that and ten donkeys loaded with the best of grain and food and supplies for his father for the journey, and he sent them away. So they departed, and he instructed them [saying]: Do not quarrel on the way. So they left Egypt and came to the land of Canaan to Jacob their father. And they informed him and said: Indeed, Yusuf is still alive, and he is the ruler over all the land of Egypt. And Jacob saw the wagons that Yusuf had sent to carry him, and his spirit revived, and he said: This is indeed great news for me, since my son Yusuf is still alive. I will go now and see him before I die.

So Israel departed with all that he had. He came to the well of the seven, and he brought a sacrifice for the God of Isaac, his father. Allah spoke to Israel in a vision and said to him: O Jacob! He said: Here I am! He said: I am the God of your father. Do not be afraid to go down to Egypt, for I will make you there into a great nation - and in another version: for I will make a great nation from you - I will go down with you, and I will bring you up again, and Joseph will place his hand on your eyes. Then Jacob arose from the well of the seven, and the children of Israel departed with Jacob their father and his household and their women on the calf that Pharaoh had sent for carrying them. They drove their animals and their livestock which they had acquired in the land of Canaan. They came to Egypt, Jacob and all his descendants, and his sons with him and the sons of his sons and his daughters and the daughters of his daughters, and he brought into Egypt all his descendants.

Then he named them one by one. Then he said: So all the sons of Jacob who entered Egypt were seventy persons. Then Jacob sent Judah before him to Joseph, peace be upon him, to direct him to the place - and in another version: the place of meeting - so Joseph harnessed his chariots and went up to meet Israel his father at the place of meeting - and in another version: the place of meeting - and he embraced him and wept when he embraced him. Then Israel said to Joseph.

'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful' Now I will die after looking at you, O my son. You are still alive. So Yusuf said to his brothers and the family of his father: 'I will go and inform Pharaoh and say: Indeed, my brothers and the family of my father who were in the land of Canaan have come to me, and the people are shepherds of sheep, for they are owners of livestock. They have come with their sheep and their cattle and with everything they have. So when he calls you, say to him: Indeed, we are your servants, the owners of livestock since our childhood, and we and our fathers before us as well, so that you may settle in the land of Goshen - and in another version: the land of al-Sadir - for the shepherds are despised by the Egyptians.' So Yusuf went and informed Pharaoh and said to him: 'Indeed, my father and my brothers have come to me with their sheep and their cattle and all that they have in the land of Canaan, and they are now settled in the land of al-Sadir.' And he brought from his brothers five men and introduced them to Pharaoh, and they stood before him. Pharaoh said to Yusuf's brothers: 'What is your occupation?' They said: 'Indeed, your servants are shepherds of sheep; we have been so since our childhood, and our fathers before us.' And they said to Pharaoh: 'Indeed, we have come to dwell in this land because the pasture and the grass and the fodder have been lost from the pastures of your servants, and that is because the famine has intensified in the land of Canaan. So command your servants to settle in the land of Goshen.' Pharaoh said to Yusuf: 'Indeed, your father and your brothers have come, and this is the land of Egypt before you. So settle your father and your brothers in the best of the land and the most fertile, so that they may settle in the land of Goshen. And if you know that among them there are people of strength and might, then appoint them over my property.' So Yusuf, peace be upon him, brought his father Yaqub, blessings and peace be upon him, to Pharaoh and established him before him. Pharaoh said to Yaqub, blessings and peace be upon him: 'How many years have you lived?' Yaqub, peace be upon him, said to Pharaoh: 'The duration of my life is one hundred and thirty years, and indeed, the days of my life are few and bad, and I have not reached the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their lives.' So Yaqub blessed Pharaoh and prayed for him, and he left from before him. Then Yusuf, peace be upon him, settled his father Yaqub, peace be upon him, and his brothers and gave them an inheritance in the land of Egypt in the most fertile and best land in the land of Rameses - and in another version: the land of Ain Shams - as Pharaoh had commanded. So Yusuf provided for his father and his brothers and all the members of his household according to their needs, and there was no provision in all the land because the famine had intensified greatly. So all the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan came to Yusuf, peace be upon him, with every form of currency found in the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan, and that was the price of the grain that they used to buy. So Yusuf brought the currency to the treasury of Pharaoh, and the currency ran out from the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan. So all the Egyptians came to Yusuf, peace be upon him, and said to him: 'Give us from the wheat what we need so that we may live and not die, for our currency has run out.' Yusuf said to them: 'Bring me your livestock if the currency has run out.' So he sustained them with their livestock. They brought him their livestock, and Yusuf gave them provisions in exchange for their horses and the livestock of sheep and cattle and donkeys, and he sustained them for that year with all their livestock. Then they came to him in the following year and said to him: 'We are not concealing from our lord our situation, for our currency and our livestock and our animals have run out and are now with our lord, and nothing remains in the hands of our lord except our souls and our land. So will we perish before you? So buy us and our land with your feeding us bread, and we will become your servants, and our land will be your property. And give us seed so that we may live and not die, and let not the land become desolate and ruined due to the loss of its inhabitants.' So Yusuf bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh, and the land became for Pharaoh. The people moved from village to village, and around them from the farthest parts of the land towards Egypt to its regions, except for the land of the soldiers - and in another version: their leaders - for he did not buy it, because they were under the authority and residence of Pharaoh, and they used to eat from the grain assigned to them by Pharaoh. Therefore, they did not sell their land. So Yusuf said to the people: 'Indeed, I have bought you today and your land for Pharaoh, and here I am giving you seed to plant in the land. So when the harvest comes, give Pharaoh one-fifth of it, and it will be for you for the cultivation of the field, four-fifths, and for the food of the people of your households and for feeding your dependents.' They said to him: 'Indeed, you have given us life, so let us obtain from our lord mercy and kindness, and we will be servants to Pharaoh.' So Yusuf established this practice in the land of Egypt until the Day of Judgment. So the one-fifth became for Pharaoh, except for the land of their leaders - and in another version: the soldiers - for it was not for Pharaoh.

So Israel settled in the land of Egypt and the land of the Sycamore. They grew in number, became strong in it, and flourished. Jacob lived in the land of Egypt for seventeen years. The total days of Jacob's life were one hundred and forty-seven years. As the days of Israel's death approached, Joseph, blessings and peace be upon him, called his son and said to him: 'If I find mercy and kindness from you, place your hand under my back so that I can make you swear by Allah and I will swear to you by Him, that you will not bury me in Egypt, but I will lie with my fathers. Carry me out of Egypt and bury me in their grave.' Joseph said: 'I will do as you have said and commanded.' He said to him: 'Swear to me.' So he swore to him, and Israel leaned on his staff and prostrated in gratitude.

So when after these sayings, Yusuf, peace be upon him, learned that his father had fallen ill, he set out with his two sons: Manasseh and Ephraim. When Jacob was informed that your son Yusuf had come to you, Israel strengthened himself and sat upon his couch. Israel said to Yusuf: 'Indeed, the God of the promises has made known to me a blessing in the land of Canaan. He blessed me and said to me: Here I am, I am blessing you and multiplying you, and I will make you a father to all nations, and I will give your descendants after you this land as an inheritance forever. And when I was coming from Paddan Aram, your mother Rachel passed away from me in the land of Canaan on the way, and there was between me and entering into Ephrath a distance of a mile - and in another version: a farsakh - so I buried her there on the way to Ephrath - which is Bethlehem.' And Israel looked at the sons of Yusuf and said to him: 'Who are these?' He said: 'They are my sons whom Allah has given me here.' He said: 'Bring them near to me.' So he embraced them and kissed them and said: 'I never hoped to see your face, but Allah has shown me your offspring as well.' And Israel said to Yusuf, blessings and peace be upon him: 'Here I am, I am about to die, and Allah will be with you by His support and assistance, and He will return you to the land of your forefathers. And here I have preferred you over your brothers with a share of the land which the Ammonites have taken by my sword and my bow.' Then Jacob called his sons and said: 'Gather around me so that I may inform you of what will happen to you in the last days.' He mentioned that, then said: 'And this is what Jacob, their father, informed them of, he told them this and blessed each one of them according to his capacity. Then he advised them and said to them: 'Indeed, I am about to join my people, so bury me beside my fathers in the cave that is in the field of Machpelah, which is in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought: a field from Ephron the Hittite as a possession for a burial site. There Abraham and Sarah his wife were buried, and there Isaac and Rebekah his wife were buried, and there Leah was buried in the purchased field and the cave that is in it from the children of Heth.' So when Jacob finished his will to his sons, he stretched out his legs upon his couch and died, and he was gathered to his people.

So Yusuf fell upon him [and kissed him] and wept over him. He commanded his servants, the physicians, to embalm him. The physicians embalmed Israel, and forty nights were completed for him, for this is how the days of the embalmers are completed. The Egyptians mourned for him for seventy days. Yusuf said to the family of Pharaoh: If I find mercy and compassion from you, inform Pharaoh that my father made me swear an oath and said to me: Here I am about to die, so bury me in the grave which you have purchased in the land of Canaan. He will allow me to go up so that I can bury [my father] and then return. Pharaoh said to him: Go up and bury your father as you have sworn to do. So Yusuf went up to bury his father, and all the servants of Pharaoh and the elders of his household and all the elders of Egypt and all the family of Yusuf went up with him. His brothers [and] the family of his father went up with him, but their retinue, cattle, and sheep they left in the land of Geshur - and in another version: Al-Sadir - and the carriages and horsemen also went up. Thus, there was a great, strong army. They came to the threshing floors of Atara - and in another version: the thorns of the wild thorns - which are in the vicinity of the Jordan. They wept there and mourned a great, bitter mourning. The inhabitants of the land of Canaan looked at the mourning and lamentation at the threshing floors of the wild thorns, and they said: This mourning is great for the Egyptians. Therefore, that place was called 'The Mourning of Egypt,' which is in the vicinity of the Jordan. The children of Israel did as they were commanded, and they carried him and set out with him to the land of Canaan, and they buried him in the double cave in the garden which was purchased by Ibrahim as an inheritance of the grave from Ephron the Hittite, which is in front of Mamre.

Then Yusuf returned to Egypt with his brothers and all those who went up with him to bury his father. After they buried their father, the brothers of Yusuf looked at their father having passed away, so they were divided and said: Perhaps Yusuf will harm us and seek revenge against us, and perhaps he will repay us for all the evil we committed against him. So they approached Yusuf and said to him: Indeed, your father instructed before his death, saying: Thus say to Yusuf: We ask you to pardon the ignorance of your brothers and their sins by committing evil against you. Now we ask you to pardon the sin of the servants of the God of your father. Yusuf wept when they said that. His brothers drew near and fell down before him in submission and said: Here we are, we are your servants. He said to them: Do not fear me, for I fear Allah. As for you, you intended me harm, but Allah turned it into good as He has done for me this day. I have brought to life through my hands a great creation. And now, there is no fear upon you; I will provide for you and your families. So he comforted them and filled their hearts with goodness.

Then Yusuf established himself in Egypt, he and his family. Yusuf lived for one hundred and ten years and saw the children of his children. Yusuf said to his brothers: 'Here I am about to die, and Allah will surely remember you and bring you out of this land to the land which He swore to Ibrahim, Ishaq, and Yaqub.' So Yusuf swore to the Children of Israel and said: 'Indeed, Allah will remember you, so take my bones with you.' Yusuf passed away at the age of one hundred and ten years. They embalmed him and placed him in a coffin in the land of Egypt - and what follows after that regarding their enslavement and what comes after it in [Surah Al-Qasas], if Allah, the Most High, wills.

And this which he mentioned from the story in the Torah confirms what is in the Quran and is a witness to its miraculous nature. However, it did not mention the explanation of His saying, 'So when they despaired of him, they secluded themselves in private' [Yusuf: 80], in that after taking the cup from his brother's saddle, he left them without revealing himself to them. They went to their father and informed him of that. Then they returned again for provisions and to seek Yusuf and his brother. Yusuf, peace be upon him, revealed himself to them in this third visit and clarified the matter to them. It is as if they omitted what was in the Torah from that, as a form of deception and confusion, and it does not harm anyone else. For what has become in their book does not align with the laws of reason for those who reflect. Thus, it did not benefit them except in confirming their betrayal and ignorance - and Allah is the Guide to what is right.

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