And when He prohibited excess, which is the increase explicitly, He implied the prohibition of deficiency, which is the lack of what is commanded implicitly. This is more so, as it is confirmed by the revelation that whoever is deficient or excessive is in the position of the denier. He said: ﴿Indeed, He is aware of what you do﴾ [Hud: 112]. He placed the condition before what preceded it in emphasizing the sight ﴿All-Seeing﴾ [Hud: 112]. The root of "tgha" is composed of a waw and a ya, and it revolves around exceeding the limit along with elevation. The cover is that which conceals something high above it, and it is not a cover for all of it unless it exceeds its limit. The night covers when it envelops, and everything that rises is covering. The flood exceeds when it comes with much water, and the sea rages when its waves rise. Tyranny is exceeding the limit in disobedience, and the ghait and the ghayt are the settled land, for when it is such and its land is good, it remains watered, and what grows in it rises and flourishes, exceeding the limit in that. Among it is the ghouta, a place in the Levant that has much water and trees.

And when He prohibited excess in religion, He followed it with the prohibition of deficiency in it by lowering aspirations. [In a general sense, love for Allah and hatred for Him are the strongest bonds of faith, indicating its opposite which is the strongest bond of Satan.] He said: ﴿And do not incline﴾, meaning: anything from inclination. He said: ﴿to those who have wronged﴾, meaning: there is wrong from them, and He did not say the wrongdoers, meaning: by leaning towards them in that your souls become heavy towards them to incline towards their actions, even by being pleased with them, resembling them, and dressing like them. The essence of the two verses is: do not wrong yourselves and do not approve of the actions of the wrongdoers. Al-Zamakhshari interpreted inclination as slight leaning, which is good in terms of meaning, but I did not see it from others among the people of language. Al-Rummani said - and he is closer: inclination is the settling towards something with love and leaning towards it, and its opposite is repulsion from it. This is in the second interpretation of ﴿You exceed﴾ [Hud: 112] from the specification of the particular to the general, and the verse is turning to His saying: ﴿Perhaps you will leave out some of what is revealed to you﴾ [Hud: 12]. ﴿Then the Fire will touch you﴾, meaning: the consequence of your leaning towards them is that its touch will be upon you, so you will not be able to escape from it by any means from yourselves; [and] from the veneration of the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, is his addressing the command of good deeds specifically, and using the plural pronoun in the prohibition of evil deeds - the Imam Abu Hayyan pointed this out.

And when everything that exists besides Allah is under His control and command, He, the Most High, said: ﴿And what do you have﴾. And when there is beneath His rank, the Most High, ranks and entities that no one can enumerate except Him, glorified and exalted is He, He included the particle of exclusion, saying: ﴿besides Allah﴾, meaning the greatest King. And He intensified the negation, saying: ﴿of allies﴾, meaning: who would save you from His punishment, as it has been established that ﴿besides﴾ is from the lower, which is closer to the direction of the lowest; and the ally is the one who is specifically concerned with providing assistance in times of need. He indicated that the help of one who has no helper from Allah is impossible, using the tool of distance and the passive construction, saying: ﴿Then you will not be helped﴾, meaning: Then if you miss this and that, how far you are from assistance!