Commentary
And when it was concluded with the generality of His hearing and knowledge after the restriction of might to Him, it was as if it was said: Indeed, might is not complete except by power. So He affirmed His exclusivity in the kingdom which cannot be without it. He said, confirming what their associating entails of denial of the meaning of this speech: "Indeed, to Allah belongs..." that is, the One who has complete encompassing. And when some people associated with some of the stars, He gathered and expressed with the tool of the wise, explicitly what the previous expression indicated with the tool of others: "Who is in the heavens..." that is, all of them. He began with it because its ownership indicates the ownership of the earth primarily. Then he clarified it in His saying, confirming what preceded: "and who is on the earth..." that is, all of them (p-157) are His servants, their kings and those below them. His management is effective among them, and they are submissive to what He wants. This is also a second justification for His saying: "And let not their speech grieve you..." [Yunus: 65] or for the exclusivity of might. He expressed with "who" which is for the wise, and the intended meaning is everything in existence; because the context is for negating might from others, and the wise are more deserving of it. Thus, negating it from them is negation from others primarily. Then they were favored for their nobility over others. Therefore, "what" which is for others is used in a context where it is more deserving, and then it is intended to be general, emphasizing the majority who do not have understanding at least. Then He negated that there would be a partner for Him in that by saying, adding to what you estimate: "And He has no partner..." from what the polytheists claimed of it or of one of them: "And those who follow..." that is, with utmost effort, "those who invoke..." that is, in the manner of worship, "besides Allah..." that is, the One who has all greatness, "partners..." in reality. It is permissible that "what" is a relative pronoun, belittling the partners by expressing with the tool of what does not have understanding and is conjoined to "from". "Indeed..." that is, what "they follow..." in that which is the root of the foundations of religion, it must be decisive regarding their calling Him partners, "except for assumption..." that is, the erroneous assumption that if it were correct, they would be mistaken in it, as they were content in the origin with assumption. Then He alerted to the error by saying: "And they are nothing but guessing..." that is, they are estimating that and saying what has no reality at all. And following is the seeking to catch up with the first according to the situation. These have followed the caller to the worship of the idol and acted with him (p-158) in what he called to. Their assumption in its worship is merely a weak resemblance, like the intention of increasing the glorification of Allah and the glorification of the imitation of the ancestors. It is permissible that "partners" is the object contested by "follows" and "invoke."
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