Tafsir for verse: 10:49
قُل لَّآ أَمۡلِكُ لِنَفۡسِي ضَرّٗا وَلَا نَفۡعًا إِلَّا مَا شَآءَ ٱللَّهُۗ لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ أَجَلٌۚ إِذَا جَآءَ أَجَلُهُمۡ فَلَا يَسۡتَـٔۡخِرُونَ سَاعَةٗ وَلَا يَسۡتَقۡدِمُونَ ٤٩ ﴿49
49Say, “I have no power to bring a harm or a benefit to myself, except what Allah wills. For every people there is an appointed time. When their time comes, they are not able to put it off for a moment, nor are they able to go ahead of it.”
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Commentary

And when their saying included his ﷺ hastening what he threatens them with, he was commanded to disassociate himself from the ability to do anything that Allah has not decreed for him by His saying: "Say"; meaning: to your mocking people, "I do not possess for myself"; let alone for others. And since the context is for punishment, he presented harm, indicating that His blessings are more than His punishments. And that they are in His blessings, they must bind them with gratitude, fearing their removal, let alone wishing for them. So he said: "Harm and no benefit."

And when it is observed that every living being acts upon itself and others by some of that, he said: "Except what Allah wills"; meaning: the All-Encompassing in knowledge and power, that He may grant me that. It is as if it was said: So why do you not call upon Him to will that and empower you to it? It was said: "For every nation is a term"; it is as if it was said: And what will happen in it? It was said: "When their term comes"; they perish. And since cutting off their hope from the extension in the term is one of their severest punishments, he preceded his saying: "And they will not be delayed"; meaning: from it, "an hour". Then he added to the conditional sentence in its entirety: "And they will not advance"; so do not hasten them; for the fulfillment of the promise is inevitable. And the 'sīn' in both means the existence, meaning: there is no existence for them of the meaning from which the action is formed, like: he found the thing difficult and he found it heavy. And it is permissible for the meaning to be: they do not find delay or advancement even if they strive in seeking. Thus, the 'sīn' would have the meaning of seeking. And ownership is the power by which one is able to manage a thing in the most complete management. And benefit is the bringing about of pleasure through its action and the causation leading to it. And harm is the bringing about of pain through its action or the causation leading to it. And the term is the appointed time for the occurrence of a matter.

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