Tafsir for verses: 9:98, 9:99
وَمِنَ ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ مَن يَتَّخِذُ مَا يُنفِقُ مَغۡرَمٗا وَيَتَرَبَّصُ بِكُمُ ٱلدَّوَآئِرَۚ عَلَيۡهِمۡ دَآئِرَةُ ٱلسَّوۡءِۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٞ ٩٨ ﴿98 وَمِنَ ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ مَن يُؤۡمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ وَيَتَّخِذُ مَا يُنفِقُ قُرُبَٰتٍ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَصَلَوَٰتِ ٱلرَّسُولِۚ أَلَآ إِنَّهَا قُرۡبَةٞ لَّهُمۡۚ سَيُدۡخِلُهُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِي رَحۡمَتِهِۦٓۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٩٩ ﴿99
98And among the Bedouins there are those who take what they spend as a fine, and they look forward to the cycles of time to turn against you. Upon those is the evil cycle. And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. 99And among the Bedouins there are others who believe in Allah and in the Last Day and take what they spend as a source of nearness to Allah and of prayers from the Messenger. It is indeed a source of nearness for them. Allah will admit them to His mercy. Surely, Allah is Most Forgiving, Very Merciful.
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Commentary

A penalty, a fine, and a loss. The fine is what a man spends that he is not obligated to spend, because he only spends it out of fear of the Muslims and for show, not for the sake of Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, and seeking reward from Him. And the cycles of time will be waiting for you: its states and its consequences. [Mahamud said: 'The cycles of time are its states and its consequences so that your dominance over it may go... etc.' Ahmad said: 'And in the verse of disavowal, there is more than a connection to the situation of the ones being invoked against and to their saying, for the one attributed to them is the waiting for the cycles in general, while the invocation against them is the cycle of evil, which is restricted to the worst of the cycles, not in general. And Allah is the Grantor of success.'] So that your dominance over it may go, to free himself from giving charity to them. The cycle of evil is an intervening invocation, he invoked against them in a manner similar to how they invoked against him, as His saying, the Exalted, 'And the Jews said,

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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