Tafsir for verses: 9:75, 9:76, 9:77
۞ وَمِنۡهُم مَّنۡ عَٰهَدَ ٱللَّهَ لَئِنۡ ءَاتَىٰنَا مِن فَضۡلِهِۦ لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ ٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ ٧٥ ﴿75 فَلَمَّآ ءَاتَىٰهُم مِّن فَضۡلِهِۦ بَخِلُواْ بِهِۦ وَتَوَلَّواْ وَّهُم مُّعۡرِضُونَ ٧٦ ﴿76 فَأَعۡقَبَهُمۡ نِفَاقٗا فِي قُلُوبِهِمۡ إِلَىٰ يَوۡمِ يَلۡقَوۡنَهُۥ بِمَآ أَخۡلَفُواْ ٱللَّهَ مَا وَعَدُوهُ وَبِمَا كَانُواْ يَكۡذِبُونَ ٧٧ ﴿77
75And among them there are those who made a pledge with Allah: “If He gives us (wealth) out of His grace, then, surely we shall give alms and shall be among the righteous.” 76But when He gave them (wealth) out of His grace, they became stingy about it, and went back turning their faces away. 77So Allah, in turn, put hypocrisy in their hearts till the day they shall meet Him, because they broke their promise with Allah, and because they have been telling lies.
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Commentary

It is narrated that Thalabah ibn Hatib said: O Messenger of Allah, pray to Allah to grant me wealth. He, blessings and peace be upon him, said: "O Thalabah, a little that you give thanks for is better than a lot that you cannot bear." [This was narrated by al-Tabarani and al-Bayhaqi in al-Dala'il, and al-Shu'ab, and Ibn Abi Hatim, and al-Tabari, and Ibn Mardawayh, all from the route of Ali ibn Zayd from al-Qasim ibn Abdul Rahman from Umamah. This chain is very weak. Al-Suhaili said about Ibn Ishaq: Thalabah ibn Hatib is the moon of the Badris. And from Ibn Ishaq also regarding the hypocrites, and he mentioned this verse that was revealed about him. So perhaps there are two of them.] So he persisted and said: By the One who sent you with the truth, if Allah grants me wealth, I will certainly give every rightful person their due. So he prayed for him, and he acquired sheep that multiplied as maggots multiply until the city became cramped with them. He settled in a valley and cut himself off from the congregation and Friday prayers. The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, inquired about him, and it was said: His wealth has increased to the point that a valley cannot contain it. He said: Woe to Thalabah! The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, sent collectors to take the zakat. The people greeted them with their zakat, and they passed by Thalabah and asked him for zakat and read to him the letter of the Messenger of Allah, which contained the obligations. He said: This is nothing but a jizyah; this is nothing but the sister of jizyah. He said: Return until I consider my opinion. When they returned, the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said to them before he spoke to them: Woe to Thalabah, twice! Then it was revealed, and Thalabah came to him with the zakat. He said: Indeed, Allah has prevented me from accepting from you. He put dust on his head and said: This is your deed; I commanded you, but you did not obey me. The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, passed away, and he brought it to Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, but he did not accept it. He brought it to Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, during his caliphate, but he did not accept it. He perished during the time of Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him. And it was recited: "We will certainly give and we will certainly be among the righteous." Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: He means the pilgrimage. Al-Hasan and Qatadah, may Allah be pleased with them, said: The pronoun refers to stinginess, meaning: So stinginess inherited them a deep-seated hypocrisy in their hearts because it was a cause of it and a call to it. And it appears that the pronoun refers to Allah, the Exalted. The meaning is: So He forsook them until they became hypocrites. [The phrase "and the meaning is: So He forsook them until they became hypocrites" was explained in this way according to the view of the Mu'tazila, that He, the Exalted, does not create evil.] And their hypocrisy became entrenched in their hearts, and they will not be freed from it until they die because of their breaking what they promised Allah regarding charity and righteousness and being liars. From this: Making a breach of promise is one-third of hypocrisy. And it was recited: they lie, with emphasis. And did you not know, with the feminine pronoun, according to Ali, may Allah be pleased with him.

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