Tafsir for verse: 9:42
لَوۡ كَانَ عَرَضٗا قَرِيبٗا وَسَفَرٗا قَاصِدٗا لَّٱتَّبَعُوكَ وَلَٰكِنۢ بَعُدَتۡ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلشُّقَّةُۚ وَسَيَحۡلِفُونَ بِٱللَّهِ لَوِ ٱسۡتَطَعۡنَا لَخَرَجۡنَا مَعَكُمۡ يُهۡلِكُونَ أَنفُسَهُمۡ وَٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُ إِنَّهُمۡ لَكَٰذِبُونَ ٤٢ ﴿42
42Had it been a gain at hand or an average journey, they would have certainly followed you, but the distance seemed too far to them. They will swear by Allah: “We would have certainly set out with you, if we were able to.” They are putting themselves to ruin. Allah knows that they are liars.
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Commentary

The عرض: is what presents itself to you of the benefits of this world. It is said: this world is a present عرض from which both the righteous and the wicked eat. That is, if what they called to was near and easily attainable, and a journey aimed at a middle ground close to the difficult distance. And 'Isa ibn Umar read: the distance has become far for them, with a kasra on the 'ain and the sheen.

And from it is His saying:

They say do not be far while they are burying him... and there is no distance except what the slabs conceal. [It is said 'far' like 'generous' and 'tired', and their source is: the distance with two fatha, and with a dhamma and a sukoon. And the term 'tired' has become famous in the meaning of destruction, and 'do not be far' - with a fatha - is a phrase commonly used by them in times of calamity, indicating the peak of grief. And 'no distance' means there is no distance except what is concealed by the slabs. Or 'no one far except what is concealed.' Or 'no distant except what is concealed,' on the basis that the source means the description.

And 'ما' is used for the rational, because what is meant by it is the description. Or what is meant by it are the bodies and shadows devoid of perceptions and souls. And the slabs are broad stones used to cover the grave, that is, the distant, its reality is what the grave conceals, a metaphor for his death.]

By Allah is related to 'they will swear'. Or it is part of their speech. And the saying is intended in both cases, that is, they will swear, meaning those who differed upon your return from the expedition of Tabuk, excusing themselves, saying by Allah: if we had been able, we would have gone out with you. Or they will swear by Allah saying: if we had been able, and His saying 'we would have gone out' fulfills the place of the response to the oath, even if all of them, and the news of what will happen after their return from their swearing and excuses, and it was among the miracles.

And the meaning of ability is the ability of the troops, or the ability of the bodies, as if they feigned illness. And it was read: if we had been able, with a dhamma on the waw, likening it to the waw of the plural in His saying: 'So wish for death.' They are destroying themselves, either as a substitute for 'they will swear', or as a حال meaning destroying. And the meaning is that they bring it to destruction by their false swearing and what they swear upon regarding their absence. And it may be that it is a حال from His saying 'we would have gone out', that is, we would have gone out with you, even if we destroyed ourselves and cast ourselves into destruction by what we carry of the journey in that distance. And it came in the form of the absent, because it is reporting about them. Do you not see that if it were said: they will swear by Allah if they had been able, they would have gone out, it would have been correct. It is said: he swore by Allah that he would certainly do it, and the absence is in the ruling of reporting, and the speaking is in the narration.

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