If you say: From what is the exception in His saying, "Except for those with whom you made a covenant"? [Mamdood said: "If you say from what is this exception, I say its aspect is that it is an exception..." Ahmad said: And it is permissible that His saying, "So travel" is a speech from Allah, the Exalted, to the polytheists without a preceding statement, and the exception in this case is from His saying to those with whom you made a covenant, as if it were said: A declaration from Allah and His Messenger to the covenant holders, not to those who remain on the covenant. So fulfill to them, O Muslims, their covenant. And there is a shift from addressing the Muslims in His saying, "To those with whom you made a covenant" to addressing the polytheists in His saying, "So travel," then a shift from speaking in the first person to the third person in His saying: "And know that you cannot escape Allah" and Allah, its origin, "And know that you cannot escape, and how." In this shift after the first shift, there is a refinement in the styles of eloquence and a magnification of the matter and a glorification of the affair. Then this shift is followed by a return to addressing the Muslims in His saying: "Except for those with whom you made a covenant, then did not diminish you, so fulfill." All of this is from the merits of eloquence. And indeed, Al-Zamakhshari was prompted to consider the statement before "So travel" to ensure that His saying, "So fulfill," corresponds, if the addressees in this consideration are the Muslims first and second, and there is nothing in it from the shifts based on the interpretation we mentioned. Both aspects are distinguished by a type of eloquence and a facet of fluency, and Allah knows best.

And 'adhil, and aqal, meaning humiliated and few, is not beneficial for increase. And it may be that it is in its original sense considering their claim, meaning: more humiliated and fewer than what they claimed about you and your people. And 'al-Hatim' is well-known; they used to swear by it in the days of ignorance, and it would break the oath of the liar. It is narrated as 'al-atir' and 'atir' means the path, and one of its kinds is 'watirah'. Here it is the name of water for Khuzā'ah at the bottom of Mecca. And 'al-hajd' is the plural of 'hajid', which is the one awake from sleep for worship. And 'al-'atid' means present; it is said: he has 'ta'tid' with him, and he prepared him, so he is 'atid' and 'atad'.

In it, the name of preference is made in the sense of the object, so it may be from 'inda when he is present. The origin is 'a'addahu i'addan' so the dal was replaced with a ta, and 'Hadaak Allah' is an interjection of supplication. And 'al-madad' means increase: meaning they come with an increase for us to aid us against our enemies. In the addition to Allah, it incites them. And 'al-faylaq' is the crowded and dense army, like the sea in its abundance and speed of movement. And 'al-mazeed' is what brings forth the foam from the intensity of movement and boiling. 'Yasmu' means to rise, 'sada' means ascending. 'In shim' means in appearance. And it is narrated with the omitted letter: meaning more rightful, 'turid' means to change and has become a changer like the color of ash. Anger at the descent of the disliked is a sign of courage. And this was the reason for the opening of Mecca.

He said, blessings and peace be upon him: 'There is no help if I do not help you.' It was narrated by Ibn Ishaq in Al-Maghazi and Al-Bayhaqi in Al-Dalail through a chain. Al-Zuhri narrated to me from Urwah ibn Al-Zubair from Marwan ibn Al-Hakam and Al-Maswar ibn Makhramah who said: 'There was a treaty between the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, and Quraysh, and the story is lengthy and includes poetry. And they broke the treaty after about seven or eighteen months. Al-Tabarani narrated from the path of Ali ibn Al-Husayn that Maimunah bint Al-Harith said: 'There was between the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, and Quraysh, and the story and poetry were mentioned.

And Al-Waqidi mentioned it in Al-Maghazi in detail from various paths, then he said. Abdul Hamid ibn Ja'far narrated to me from Imran ibn Abi Anas from Ibn Abbas. He said: The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, stood while dragging the edge of his cloak and said: 'O Amr, there is no help if I do not help Banu Kab from what I help myself with.'

And it was read: 'lam yanqadukum', with the dotted dhad meaning they did not break your covenant. And the meaning of 'fa-atimmu ilayhim' is to deliver it to them complete and whole. Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: A tribe from Kinānah remained from their covenant for nine months, so he completed their covenant.