Commentary
In the Book of Allah, regarding what He has affirmed and made obligatory of His rulings, and what He sees as wisdom and correctness. It is said in the Tablet that there are four sacred months: three consecutive ones: Dhul-Qi'dah, Dhul-Hijjah, and Muharram, and one separate month, which is Rajab. From it is his saying, blessings and peace be upon him, in his sermon during the Farewell Pilgrimage: 'Indeed, time has returned to its original state, like it was on the day the heavens and the earth were created.' This is agreed upon from the hadith of Abu Burdah, and there are narrations from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, reported by Al-Tabari from the narration of Musa ibn Ubaidah from Sadaqah ibn Yasaar from him in the wording of the compiler. It is weak. And from Ibn Abbas, it was reported by Ibn Mardawayh. The year consists of twelve months: four of them are sacred, three consecutive: Dhul-Qi'dah, Dhul-Hijjah, and Muharram. And Rajab Mudar, which is between Jumada and Sha'ban. The meaning is that the months have returned to what they were, and the pilgrimage has returned in Dhul-Hijjah, and the practice of Nasi' which was in the pre-Islamic period has been abolished. The Farewell Pilgrimage coincided with Dhul-Hijjah, and the pilgrimage of Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, was before it in Dhul-Qi'dah. That is the upright religion, meaning that the prohibition of the four sacred months is the straight religion, the religion of Ibrahim and Isma'il. The Arabs had adhered to it as an inheritance from them, and they used to honor the sacred months and prohibit fighting in them, so that if a man encountered the killer of his father or brother, he would not attack him. They called Rajab 'the deaf' and 'the one that separates the spears,' until Nasi' was introduced and they changed it. So do not wrong yourselves in them in the sacred months, meaning do not make what is forbidden in them permissible. And from 'Ata, he said: 'By Allah, it is not permissible for people to raid in the sacred months nor in the sacred months except when they are fighting.' And it has not been abrogated. And from 'Ata al-Khurasani, may Allah be pleased with him: 'Fighting in the sacred months has been made permissible by a declaration from Allah and His Messenger.' It is said: 'Do not commit sins in them,' indicating the greatness of their sanctity, just as the months of pilgrimage are honored by His saying: 'So whoever has made pilgrimage obligatory in them, there should be no sexual relations and no wrongdoing...' and the verse, even if that is forbidden in all other months. The phrase 'all together' is a state of the doer or the object with the righteous, a support for them, encouraging them towards piety by guaranteeing victory for its people.
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