Tafsir for verses: 84:20, 84:21, 84:22, 84:23, 84:24, 84:25
فَمَا لَهُمۡ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ ٢٠ ﴿20 وَإِذَا قُرِئَ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانُ لَا يَسۡجُدُونَۤ۩ ٢١ ﴿21 بَلِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ يُكَذِّبُونَ ٢٢ ﴿22 وَٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَا يُوعُونَ ٢٣ ﴿23 فَبَشِّرۡهُم بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ٢٤ ﴿24 إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرٌ غَيۡرُ مَمۡنُونِۭ ٢٥ ﴿25
20So, what is wrong with them that they do not believe, 21and when the Qur’ān is recited to them, they do not offer sajdah (prostration)? 22Rather, those who disbelieve deny (the truth). 23And Allah is most aware of what they store. 24So, give him the ‘good news’ of a painful punishment, 25but those who believed and did righteous deeds will have a reward that will never be interrupted.
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Commentary

They do not prostrate, they do not submit, nor do they humble themselves. It is said that the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, one day recited, 'And prostrate and draw near' and he prostrated along with those who were with him from the believers, while the Quraysh clapped above their heads and jeered. [I did not find it.] Then it was revealed. With this, Abu Hanifa, may Allah be pleased with him, argued for the obligation of prostration. Ibn Abbas said that there is no prostration in the Muqattaʿat. Abu Huraira, may Allah be pleased with him, said that he prostrated in it and said, 'By Allah, I did not prostrate in it except after I saw the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, prostrating.' [Agreed upon in meaning.] Anas said: I prayed behind Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman, and they prostrated. Al-Hasan said: It is not obligatory. 'Those who disbelieved' refers to those mentioned, 'by what they conceal' refers to what they gather in their chests and harbor of disbelief, envy, oppression, and hatred. Or by what they gather in their records of evil deeds and store for themselves of various punishments, except for 'those who believed' is an exception that is disconnected. About the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him: 'Whoever recites Surah Al-Inshiqaq, Allah protects him from being given his book behind his back.' [Narrated by Al-Thalabi, Al-Wahidi, and Ibn Mardawayh with their chains to Abu Ibn Kab.]

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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