Except by the permission of Allah, except by His decree and will. It is as if He has permitted the calamity to strike him. He guides his heart, shows kindness to him, and opens it for an increase in obedience and goodness. It is said that it is the act of seeking refuge during a calamity. And from Al-Dhahak: He guides his heart until he knows that what has befallen him was not meant to miss him, and what missed him was not meant to befall him. And from Mujahid: If he is tested, he is patient; if he is given, he is grateful; if he is wronged, he forgives. And it has been recited: 'He guides his heart,' in the passive form, and 'the heart' is raised or made accusative. The reason for the accusative is that it is like 'he is foolish to himself,' meaning: he guides in his heart. It may also mean that the disbeliever is lost from his heart, far from it, while the believer finds it and is guided to it, as Allah says: 'For whoever had a heart.' And it has been recited: 'He guides his heart,' with the letter 'n.' And 'He guides his heart' means: he is guided. And 'His heart is at peace' means: it is assured. And 'He guides' and 'He is guided' in the light form. And Allah is All-Knowing of everything; He knows what affects the kindness of hearts and what does not affect it, so He grants or withholds.