Commentary
And when these verses were revealed, the believers intensified their enmity towards their fathers, their sons, and all their relatives among the polytheists, and they boycotted them. When Allah, the Exalted, saw their seriousness and patience in a severe manner and their prolonged desire for the reason that would permit them to ally and associate with them, He had mercy on them and promised them ease in what they wished for. When He facilitated the opening of Mecca, Allah granted them their wish, so their people embraced Islam, and love and harmony were established among them. It was said that the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, married Umm Habibah, and at that time, Abu Sufyan's disposition softened, and his animosity relaxed. Umm Habibah had embraced Islam and migrated with her husband Abdullah ibn Abi Jahl to Abyssinia, where he converted to Christianity and wanted her to follow him in Christianity, but she refused and remained steadfast in her religion. Her husband died, and the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, sent to the Negus and proposed to him for her. [This is how Al-Thalabi mentioned it without a chain. Its collection is scattered in the hadiths. Abu Dawood and Al-Hakim narrated from the narration of Al-Zuhri from Urwah from Umm Habibah that she was married to Abdullah ibn Jahl, who died in the land of Abyssinia. The Negus married her to the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, and gave her a dowry of four thousand. He sent her to the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, with Sharhabil ibn Hasanah. Al-Hakim narrated from Al-Zuhri that the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, married Umm Habibah, the daughter of Abu Sufyan. She was previously married to Abdullah ibn Jahl Al-Asadi. He had migrated with her from Mecca to Abyssinia, then he was tempted and converted to Christianity and died a Christian. Allah established Islam for Umm Habibah until she returned to Medina, and the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, proposed to her, and she was married to him by Uthman ibn Affan. Al-Zuhri said they claimed that the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, wrote to the Negus and he married her to him and provided her with a dowry of forty uqiyyah. Al-Waqidi narrated in Al-Maghazi and through him Al-Hakim from the narration of Ja'far ibn Muhammad from his father that the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, sent Amr ibn Umayyah to the Negus to propose to Umm Habibah, and he gave her a dowry of four hundred dinars. Al-Waqidi said: Abdullah ibn Ja'far told me from Abdul Wahid ibn Abi Awn that when Abu Sufyan ibn Harb heard of the Prophet's marriage to his daughter, he said: 'That stallion's nose will not be cut off.' And Abu Na'im in Al-Dala'il said: 'The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, sent Amr ibn Umayyah Al-Damri to the Negus, and he married him to Umm Habibah, the daughter of Abu Sufyan, and gave her a dowry of four hundred dinars, and sent her to him, and it was in the sixth year of the Hijrah after his return from Khaybar, and I do not know of any disagreement in that.' And her dowry was four hundred dinars, and this reached her father, who said: 'That stallion's nose will not be cut off.' [The saying 'That stallion's nose will not be cut off' means he will not be struck on the nose nor restrained, and this is due to his nobility. This was clarified by Al-Sihah.] And perhaps the promise from Allah is in accordance with the customs of kings, where they say in some matters: perhaps or maybe, so that there remains no doubt for the needy in the completion of that. Or it was intended to instill hope in the believers, and Allah is capable of changing hearts and altering conditions and facilitating the means of affection, and Allah is Forgiving and Merciful to those who embrace Islam from the polytheists.
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