Commentary
He created gardens from vines, trellised and untrellised. The saying "untrellised" means those left on the surface of the earth without trellising. It is said that the "trellised" refers to what is in the countryside and urban areas that people have planted and taken care of, so they trellised it. And the "untrellised" refers to what has grown wild in the wilderness and mountains. It is not trellised. It is said: I trellised the vine if I made supports and a framework for the branches. The roof of the house: I trellised it. Its fruits differ in color, taste, size, and smell. It has been read as "its fruits" with a dammah and sukoon, which is its edible fruit. The pronoun refers to the date palms and crops included in its ruling, as it is conjoined with them. And "differing" is a state that is estimated because it was not like that at the time of creation, like His saying: "So enter it, abiding forever." It has been read as "its fruits" with two dammahs. If you say: What is the benefit of the saying "when it bears fruit" when it is known that if it does not bear fruit, it will not be eaten from? I say: When it was permitted for them to eat from its fruits, it was said: "when it bears fruit," to know that the first time it is permitted is when the tree shows its fruit, so that it is not imagined that it is only permitted when it has ripened and matured. And "And give its due on the day of its harvest" is a Meccan verse, and zakat was only made obligatory in Medina. So, what is meant by the due is what was given as charity to the poor on the day of harvest, and that was obligatory until it was abrogated by the obligation of one-tenth and one-half of one-tenth. It is said to be Medinan, and the due is the obligatory zakat. Its meaning is: And be determined to give the due and seek it and take care of it on the day of harvest, so that you do not delay it beyond the first time it can be given. And do not be extravagant in charity, as it has been narrated from Thabit ibn Qais ibn Shamas that he harvested five hundred date palms and distributed all of its fruits and did not bring any of it into his house. And do not extend it to the fullest extent, lest you sit reproached and regretful.
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