Tafsir for verses: 59:11, 59:12
۞ أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ نَافَقُواْ يَقُولُونَ لِإِخۡوَٰنِهِمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ لَئِنۡ أُخۡرِجۡتُمۡ لَنَخۡرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمۡ وَلَا نُطِيعُ فِيكُمۡ أَحَدًا أَبَدٗا وَإِن قُوتِلۡتُمۡ لَنَنصُرَنَّكُمۡ وَٱللَّهُ يَشۡهَدُ إِنَّهُمۡ لَكَٰذِبُونَ ١١ ﴿11 لَئِنۡ أُخۡرِجُواْ لَا يَخۡرُجُونَ مَعَهُمۡ وَلَئِن قُوتِلُواْ لَا يَنصُرُونَهُمۡ وَلَئِن نَّصَرُوهُمۡ لَيُوَلُّنَّ ٱلۡأَدۡبَٰرَ ثُمَّ لَا يُنصَرُونَ ١٢ ﴿12
11Did you not see the hypocrites saying to their brothers from those of the people of the Book who are unbelievers, “If you are expelled, we will certainly go out with you, and we will never obey anyone about you. And if you are fought against, we will definitely help you.” Allah bears witness that they are pure liars. 12If they are expelled, they will not go out with them, and if they are fought against, they will not help them. And even if they help them, they will surely turn their backs, then they will not be helped.
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Commentary

For their brothers who have between them and them the brotherhood of disbelief. Because they used to support them and be allied with them, and they were with them against the believers in secret. And we will not obey any of you in your fighting against the Messenger of Allah and the Muslims if we are called upon. Or in abandoning you and breaking what we promised you of support. They are certainly liars regarding their promises to the Jews. And in it is evidence of the truth of prophethood: because it is news of the unseen. If you say: How was it said, 'And if they support them' after the news that they will not support them? I say: Its meaning is: And if they were to support them in hypothesis and assumption, as Allah, the Exalted, says: 'If you associate partners [with Him], your work will surely become worthless.' Just as He knows what will happen, He knows what will not happen if it were to happen how it would be. The meaning is: And if the hypocrites were to support the Jews, the hypocrites would be defeated, then they would not be supported after that, meaning: Allah, the Exalted, would destroy them and their hypocrisy would not benefit them due to the manifestation of their disbelief. Or the Jews would be defeated, then the support of the hypocrites would not benefit them.

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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