Medinan, and its verses are 22 [revealed after Al-Munafiqun] 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful'

Allah has certainly heard. Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: Praise be to Allah, who has encompassed all voices with His hearing: [[Mahamud said: 'Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: Praise be to Allah, who has encompassed all voices with His hearing ... etc.' Ahmad said: Some have used this as evidence that the declaration of separation by a non-Muslim is not obligatory, but this is not strong, as it is not the intended meaning.]]

The one who argued with the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, spoke to him by the side of the house while I was with him and could not hear, yet he heard. [[Narrated by Al-Nasa'i, Ibn Majah, Al-Tabari, Ahmad, Ishaq, and Al-Bazzar through Al-A'mash from Tamim ibn Salamah from Urwah from Aisha. Al-Bukhari mentioned it in a suspended form, and Al-Hakim narrated it with a more complete chain, including her name and that of her husband.]]

About her. And Umar used to honor her when she entered upon him and said: Allah has heard her. And it was recited: 'You argue with her,' meaning: you respond to her words. And 'You question her,' meaning: you ask her, and she is Khawla bint Tha'labah, the wife of Aws ibn Al-Samit, the brother of Ubadah:

He saw her while she was praying, and she was of good stature. When she finished her prayer, he approached her, but she refused. He became angry and was affected by a light madness. [[The term 'light madness' refers to a touch of insanity or a jinn's influence. This was clarified in Al-Sihah (dictionary).]]

So he declared her as unlawful to him, and she came to the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, and said: Aws married me when I was young and desirable, but when I grew older and my belly increased - meaning: I had many children - he treated me as if I were his mother. [[Narrated by Al-Daraqutni and Al-Bayhaqi.]]

It was narrated that she said to him: I have small children; if I bring them to him, they will be lost, and if I keep them with me, they will go hungry. He said: I have nothing regarding your matter. It was narrated that he said to her: You are unlawful to him. She said: O Messenger of Allah, he did not mention divorce, and he is the father of my children and the most beloved of people to me. He said: You are unlawful to him. She said: I complain to Allah of my poverty and my grief. Whenever the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said: You are unlawful to him, I cried out and complained to Allah. [[This second narration was narrated by Al-Tabari through Abu Ma'shar from Muhammad ibn Kab Al-Qurazi, who said: Khawla bint Tha'labah was married to Aws ibn Al-Samit. He was a man affected by madness. In one of his outbursts, he said: You are to me like the back of my mother. He said: I do not think you have anything but that you are unlawful to me. She came to the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, and said: O Prophet of Allah, Aws ibn Al-Samit is the father of my children and the most beloved of people to me, and by the One who revealed the Book to you, he did not mention divorce. He said: I see nothing but that you are unlawful to him. She said: O Messenger of Allah, do not say that, for by Allah, he did not mention divorce. She pleaded with the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, repeatedly, then said: O Allah, I complain to You of my poverty and loneliness and the difficulty of parting from him - the hadith.' And through Abu Al-Hayyaj, it was said: Whenever he said to her: You are unlawful to him, she cried out and said: I complain to Allah, and she did not leave her place until the verse was revealed.]]

So the verse was revealed regarding her husband concerning him, and its meaning is: Indeed, Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing, capable of hearing all that is heard and seeing all that is seen. If you ask: What is the meaning of 'Indeed' in the phrase 'Indeed, Allah has heard'? I say: Its meaning is expectation, for the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, and the one who argued were expecting that Allah would hear her argument and complaint and reveal something that would relieve her.