Commentary
The saying 'Alaqiya' is a speech from Allah, the Exalted, to the two angels: the driver and the witness. It may also be a speech directed to one in two ways: one is the statement of Al-Mubarrad, that the dual form of the subject is treated like the dual form of the verb, as if it were said: 'Throw, throw,' for emphasis. The second is that it is common among the Arabs for a man to be accompanied by two, so it became frequent on their tongues to say: 'My two friends' or 'My companions,' 'Stop' and 'Assist,' until they addressed one as if addressing two. It is reported that Al-Hajjaj used to say: 'O my guards, strike his neck.' Al-Hasan read it as 'Alaqin' with a light noon.
It is possible that the 'a' in 'Alaqiya' is a substitute for the noon, treating the connection as if it were a stop. 'Anid' means obstinate, opposing the truth, hostile to its people, and 'Manaan' means one who prevents good, one who often withholds wealth from its rights, making it a habit not to give anything at all. Or it refers to one who prevents the type of good from reaching its people, standing between it and them. It is said that it was revealed about Al-Walid ibn Al-Mughira, who prevented his kin from embracing Islam. He would say: 'Whoever among you enters into it, I will not benefit him with any good as long as I live.' He is an aggressor, an oppressor, transgressing the truth, doubtful and uncertain about Allah and His religion. 'Al-Ladhi Ja'ala' serves as an introductory phrase implying a condition, and that is why it is responded to with 'fa' (so). It is also possible that 'Al-Ladhi Ja'ala' is in the accusative case as a substitute for 'Kull Kafaar,' and 'fa'alqiyahu' is a repetition for emphasis.
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