Commentary
‘Non-truth’ is a description of the source, meaning do not exceed in your religion an exceeding that is not true. [Mahamud said: 'Its meaning is do not exceed in your religion with a false exceeding... etc.'] Ahmad said: It means by the people of justice and monotheism, the Mu'tazila. It means by their exceeding, which is true in his view, that they exceeded in monotheism by denying the divine attributes. They exceeded in justice by denying most actions, if not all, as being created by Allah, the Exalted, due to their inherent evils and because Allah punishes for what is vile among them. Justice for them is that He does not punish for the actions of His creation. This is their exceeding in justice, and as you see, it is defective in monotheism because they made every creature among animals a creator. The Christians exceeded by associating three partners, and the Mu'tazila, as you have seen, associated everyone, even non-humans, in the creation that is specific to the Lord. Al-Zamakhshari means by the people of innovations and desires those other than the mentioned sect, and he means by their false exceeding the affirmation of attributes for Allah, the Exalted, and His monotheism in truth, such that there is no creator besides Him and no creature except by His power. He may be pleased with his followers and brothers and remained silent about those other than them. We say: O Allah, be pleased with those who are most deserving of Your pleasure, and this is a supplication without dispute, and Allah is the Grantor of success. This means a false exceeding because exceeding in religion is an exceeding that is true, which is to examine its truths and investigate its distant meanings, and to strive in obtaining its proofs as the speakers of the people of justice and monotheism do, may Allah be pleased with them. There is a false exceeding, which is to go beyond the truth and bypass it by neglecting the evidence and following doubts, as the people of desires and innovations do. They have gone astray before; their leaders in Christianity were upon misguidance before the Prophet was sent, blessings and peace be upon him, and they misled many who followed them in trinity and went astray when the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, was sent away from the straight path when they denied him, envied him, and acted unjustly against him.
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